Cisco Catalyst 3560-C, 3560-X and 3750-X Switches FIPS 140-2 Non Proprietary Security Policy Level 2 Validation Version 0.1 February, 14 © Copyright 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. 1 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 MODULE VALIDATION LEVEL ............................................................................................ 5 1.3 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION ............................................................................................... 6 2 CISCO CATALYST 3560-C, 3560-X AND 3750-X SERIES SWITCHES....................... 7 2.1 CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................. 8 2.2 MODULE INTERFACES ......................................................................................................... 8 3 ROLES, SERVICES, AND AUTHENTICATION ........................................................... 12 3.1 USER ROLE ....................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 CO ROLE .......................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 SERVICES .......................................................................................................................... 13 4 PHYSICAL SECURITY...................................................................................................... 14 4.1 MODULE OPACITY ............................................................................................................ 14 4.2 TAMPER EVIDENCE ........................................................................................................... 16 5 CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS ............................................................................... 22 5.1.1 Approved Cryptographic Algorithms ............................................................ 22 5.1.2 Non-Approved Algorithms ........................................................................... 22 5.1.3 Self-Tests .................................................................................................... 23 6 CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY/CSP MANAGEMENT........................................................... 24 7 SECURE OPERATION OF THE 3560C/3560X/3750X SERIES SWITCHES ............. 28 7.1 INITIAL SETUP .................................................................................................................. 28 7.2 SYSTEM INITIALIZATION AND CONFIGURATION ................................................................ 28 7.3 REMOTE ACCESS .............................................................................................................. 29 8 RELATED DOCUMENTATION....................................................................................... 30 9 OBTAINING DOCUMENTATION ................................................................................... 30 9.1 CISCO.COM ....................................................................................................................... 30 9.2 PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION DVD ................................................................................... 30 9.3 ORDERING DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................... 30 10 DOCUMENTATION FEEDBACK .................................................................................... 31 11 CISCO PRODUCT SECURITY OVERVIEW ................................................................. 31 11.1 REPORTING SECURITY PROBLEMS IN CISCO PRODUCTS.................................................... 31 12 OBTAINING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ..................................................................... 32 © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 2 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 12.1 CISCO TECHNICAL SUPPORT & DOCUMENTATION WEBSITE ............................................ 32 12.2 SUBMITTING A SERVICE REQUEST .................................................................................... 33 12.3 DEFINITIONS OF SERVICE REQUEST SEVERITY ................................................................. 33 13 OBTAINING ADDITIONAL PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION...................... 33 14 DEFINITION LIST.............................................................................................................. 35 © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 3 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose This document is the non-proprietary Cryptographic Module Security Policy for the Cisco Catalyst 3560-C, 3560-X and 3750-X series switches. This security policy describes how the modules listed below meet the security requirements of FIPS 140-2, and how to operate the router with on-board crypto enabled in a secure FIPS 140-2 mode. Modules covered in this document are listed below:  3560-C switches o 3560CG-8PC-S o 3560CG-8TC-S o 3560CPD-8PT-S  3560-X switches o WS-C3560X-24P-L o WS-C3560X-48T-L  3750-X switches o WS-C3750X-12S o WS-C3750X-24S o WS-C3750X-24T o WS-C3750X-48P o WS-C3750X-48T  Service module o C3KX-SM-10G  Network Field Replaceable Uplink (FRU1) module o C3KX-NM-1G o C3KX-NM-10G o C3KX-NM-BLANK o C3KX-NM-10GT  IOS Software Version - 15.0(2)SE3  C3KX-FIPS-KIT 700-34443-01  C3KX-FIPS-KIT 47-25129-01 This policy was prepared as part of the Level 2 FIPS 140-2 validation of the Catalyst 3560-C, 3560-X and 3750-X series switches. FIPS 140-2 (Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 140-2 — Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules) details the U.S. Government requirements for cryptographic modules. More information about the FIPS 140-2 standard and validation program is available on the NIST website at http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/index.html. 1 The FRUlink modules implement no FIPS 140-2 security functions and are considered equivalent for the purposes of this security policy with the exception of physical security opacity requirements. © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 4 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 1.2 Module Validation Level The following table lists the level of validation for each area in the FIPS PUB 140-2. No. Area Title Level 1 Cryptographic Module Specification 2 2 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 2 3 Roles, Services, and Authentication 2 4 Finite State Model 2 5 Physical Security 2 6 Operational Environment N/A 7 Cryptographic Key management 2 8 Electromagnetic Interface/Electromagnetic Compatibility 2 9 Self-Tests 2 10 Design Assurance 2 11 Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A Overall module validation level 2 Table 1- Module Validation Level 1.3 References This document deals only with operations and capabilities of the module in the technical terms of a FIPS 140-2 cryptographic module security policy. More information is available on the routers from the following sources: The Cisco Systems website contains information on the full line of Cisco products. Please refer to the following websites for: Catalyst 3560-C series switches - http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps11290/index.html Catalyst 3560-X series switches – http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10744/index.html Catalyst 3750-X series switches – http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10745/index.html For answers to technical or sales related questions please refer to the contacts listed on the Cisco Systems website at www.cisco.com. The NIST Validated Modules website (http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/validation.html) contains contact information for answers to technical or sales-related questions for the module. © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 5 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 1.4 Terminology In this document, the Catalyst 3560-C, 3560-X and 3750-X switches are referred to as the switch. 1.5 Document Organization The Security Policy document is part of the FIPS 140-2 Submission Package. In addition to this document, the Submission Package contains: Vendor Evidence document Finite State Machine Other supporting documentation as additional references This document provides an overview of the Cisco Catalyst 3560-X, 3560-C and 3750-X series switches and explains the secure configuration and operation of the module. This introduction section is followed by Section 2, which details the general features and functionality of the router. Section 3 specifically addresses the required configuration for the FIPS-mode of operation. With the exception of this Non-Proprietary Security Policy, the FIPS 140-2 Validation Submission Documentation is Cisco-proprietary and is releasable only under appropriate non- disclosure agreements. For access to these documents, please contact Cisco Systems. © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 6 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 2 Cisco Catalyst 3560-C, 3560-X and 3750-X series switches The 3560-C series – Cisco® Catalyst® compact switches easily extend an intelligent, fully managed Cisco Catalyst wired switching infrastructure, including end-to-end IP and Borderless Network services, with a single Ethernet cable or fiber from the wiring closet. These attractive, small form-factor Gigabit and Fast Ethernet switches are ideal for connecting multiple devices on the retail sales floor and for extending wireless LAN networks: wherever space is at a premium and multiple cable runs could be challenging. These switches deliver advanced Layer 2 switching with intelligent Layer 2 through 4 services for the network edge, such as voice, video, and wireless LAN services, including support for routed access, Cisco TrustSec®, Media Access Control Security (MACsec), and other Cisco Borderless Network services. These models also include Power over Ethernet (PoE) pass-through that enables the compact switch to draw power from the wiring closet and pass it to end devices. The Cisco® Catalyst® 3750-X and 3560-X Series Switches are enterprise-class stackable switches that provide high availability, scalability, security, energy efficiency, and ease of operation with innovative features such as Cisco StackPower, Power over Ethernet Plus (PoE+), optional network modules, redundant power supplies, and MAC security. The Catalyst 3750-X 3560-X and 3560-C Series Switches meet FIPS 140-2 overall Level 2 requirements as multi-chip standalone modules. The 3560-C, 3560-X and 3750-X series switches include cryptographic algorithms implemented in IOS software as well as hardware ASICs. The module provides 802.1X-rev with MACSec and MACSec Key Agreement (MKA), Cisco TrustSec (CTS), RADIUS, TACACS+, HTTPS, SNMPv3 and SSHv2. The module implements Layer 2 MACsec / IEEE 802.1AE on the downlink ports using a hardware cryptographic implementation (MACSec PHY) of AES-GCM. The module’s IOS software implements 128 bit AES-CBC, CTR-DRBG, SHA-1, HMAC-SHA- 1 and RSA. Media Access Control Security (MACsec), defined in 802.1AE, provides MAC- layer encryption over wired networks by using out-of-band methods for encryption keying. The MACsec Key Agreement (MKA) Protocol provides the required session keys and manages the required encryption keys. MKA and MACsec are implemented after successful key establishment using the 802.1x Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) framework. © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 7 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 2.1 Cryptographic Module Physical Characteristics Figure 1- Cisco 3560-C series switch Figure 2 - Cisco 3560-X and 3750-X series switch The 3560-C series switches are a line of small form factor, fixed chassis switches. Of the configurations considered in this security policy, three models have 8 Gigabit Ethernet ports, one has 8 Fast Ethernet ports and one has 12 Fast Ethernet ports. With the exception of two models, all switches possess at least 8 PoE+ ports. More details on the interfaces are provided in the table in the following section. 2.2 Cryptographic Boundary The cryptographic boundary is defined as being the physical enclosure of the chassis. All of the functionality described in this publication is provided by components within this cryptographic boundary. © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 8 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 2.3 Module Interfaces Each module provides a number of physical and logical interfaces to the device, and the physical interfaces provided by the module are mapped to four FIPS 140-2 defined logical interfaces: data input, data output, control input, and status output. The module also supports a power interface. The following table identifies the differences between the models of switches covered by this Security Policy: Model Ethernet Ports PoE Available Uplinks MACsec Output PoE Power Ports 3560CG-8TC-S 8 x 10/100/1000 Gigabit N/A 2 x 1G Yes Ethernet copper or 1G SFP 3560CG-8PC-S 8 x 10/100/1000 Gigabit 8 PoE+ 124W 2 x 1G Yes Ethernet copper or 1G SFP 3560CPD-8PT-S 8 x 10/100/1000 Gigabit 8 PoE Up to 2 x 1G Yes Ethernet 15.4W (PoE+ input) Table 2 - 3560-C Interface information Models Total 10/100/1000 Default AC Available PoE MACSec Ethernet Ports Power Supply Power 350W - Yes WS-C3560X- 48 48T-L WS-C3560X- 24 PoE+ 715W 435W Yes 24P-L Table 3 - 3560-X Interface information Models Total 10/100/1000 Default AC Available PoE Ethernet Ports Power Supply Power WS-C3750X- 24 350W - 24T WS-C3750X- 48 48T WS-C3750X- 48 PoE+ 48P © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 9 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. WS-C3750X- 12 GE SFP 350W+ - 12S WS-C3750X- 24 GE SFP 350W - 24S Table 4 - 3750-X Interface information Model 1G SFP Ports 10G SFP+ Ports 4 0 C3KX-NM-1G 0 2 C3KX-NM-10G 0 2 C3KX-NM-10GT C3KX-NM- N/A N/A BLANK 0 2 C3KX-SM-10G Table 5 - Network/Service Modules Interface information Note: Please notice that the Network/Service modules listed in table 5 above are only available on each of Cisco Catalyst 3750-X and 3560-X switches to provide up to 2 x 10 Gigabit uplinks. Each configuration used in 3750-X and 3560-X must use one of each Network/Service modules listed in table 5 above. There is no network/service slot on each of Cisco Catalyst 3560-C switches. The module provides a number of physical and logical interfaces to the device, and the physical interfaces provided by the module are mapped to the following FIPS 140-2 defined logical interfaces: data input, data output, control input, status output, and power. The logical interfaces and their mapping are described in the following table: Physical Interface Logical Interface MACsec 1G Ethernet Ports, Data Input Interface Type A USB port Console Port (RJ45 and USB Type B) Mgmt Port MACsec 1G Ethernet Ports, Data Output Interface © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 10 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Type A USB port Console Port (RJ45 and USB Type B) Mgmt Port Console Port (RJ45 and USB Type Control Input Interface B), Mgmt Port MACsec 1G Ethernet Ports, Reset Button Console Port (RJ45 and USB Type Status Output Interface B) Mgmt PortLEDs Power Plug, Power Interface PoE+ Ethernet Ports Table 6 – FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces 3560-C Switches Physical Interface Logical Interface MACsec 1G Ethernet Ports, Data Input Interface FRUlink 1G SFP Ports, FRUlink 10G SFP+ Ports Service Module 10G SFP+ Ports Stackwise+ ports (only on 3750-x models) Type A USB port Console Port (RJ45 and USB Type B) Mgmt Port MACsec 1G Ethernet Ports, Data Output Interface FRUlink 1G SFP Ports, FRUlink 10G SFP+ Ports Service Module 10G SFP+ Ports Stackwise+ ports (only on 3750-x models) Type A USB port Console Port (RJ45 and USB Type B) Mgmt Port Console Port (RJ45 and USB Type Control Input Interface B), Mgmt Port MACsec 1G Ethernet Ports, FRUlink 1G SFP Ports, FRUlink 10G SFP+ Ports © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 11 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Service Module 10G SFP+ Ports Stackwise+ ports (only on 3750-x models), Reset Button Console Port (RJ45 and USB Type Status Output Interface B) Mgmt Port Type A USB port MACsec 1G Ethernet Ports, FRUlink 1G SFP Ports, FRUlink 10G SFP+ Ports, Service Module 10G SFP+ Ports LEDs Stackwise+ ports (only on 3750-x models), Power Plug, Power Interface PoE+ Ethernet Ports Stackwise+ ports (only on 3750-x models) Table 7 – FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces 3560-X/3750-X 3 Roles, Services, and Authentication Authentication is role-based. Each user is authenticated upon initial access to the module. There are two roles in the Switch that may be assumed the Crypto Officer (CO) role and the User role. The administrator of the Switch assumes the CO role in order to configure and maintain the Switch using CO services, while the Users exercise security services over the network. 3.1 User Role The role assumed by users obtaining general security services. From a logical view, user activity exists in the data-plane. Users are authenticated using EAP methods and 802.1X-REV, and their data is protected with 802.1AE protocols. EAP and 802.1X-REV can use password based credentials for User role authentication – in such a case the user passwords must be at least eight (8) characters long, including at least one letter and at least one number character, in length (enforced procedurally). If six (6) integers, one (1) special character and one (1) alphabet are used without repetition for an eight (8) digit PIN, the probability of randomly guessing the correct sequence is one (1) in 251,596,800 (this calculation is based on the assumption that the typical standard American QWERTY computer keyboard has 10 Integer digits, 52 alphabetic characters, and 32 special characters providing 94 characters to choose from in total. The calculation should be 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 32 x 52 = 251, 596, 800). Therefore, the associated probability of a successful random attempt is approximately 1 in 251,596,800, which is less than 1 in 1,000,000 required by FIPS 140-2. © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 12 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. EAP and 802.1X-REV can also authenticate User role via certificate credentials by using 2048 bit RSA keys – in such a case the security strength is 112 bits, so the associated probability of a successful random attempt is 1 in 2112, which is less than 1 in 1,000,000 required by FIPS 140-2. 3.2 CO Role This role is assumed by an authorized CO connecting to the switch via CLI through the console port and performing management functions and module configuration. Additionally the stack master (in stacking scenario for 3750-X switches) is considered CO for stack members. From a logical view, CO activity exists only in the control plane. IOS prompts the CO for their username and password, if the password is validated against the CO’s password in IOS memory, the user is allowed entry to the IOS executive program. A CO can assign permission to access the CO role to additional accounts, thereby creating additional COs. The module supports RADIUS and TACACS+ for authentication of COs. CO passwords must be at least eight (8) characters long, including at least one letter and at least one number character, in length (enforced procedurally). If six (6) integers, one (1) special character and one (1) alphabet are used without repetition for an eight (8) digit PIN, the probability of randomly guessing the correct sequence is one (1) in 251,596,800 (this calculation is based on the assumption that the typical standard American QWERTY computer keyboard has 10 Integer digits, 52 alphabetic characters, and 32 special characters providing 94 characters to choose from in total. The calculation should be 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 32 x 52 = 251, 596, 800). Therefore, the associated probability of a successful random attempt is approximately 1 in 251,596,800, which is less than 1 in 1,000,000 required by FIPS 140-2. Additionally on a stack, the CO is authenticated via possession of SESA Authorization key that is 128 bits long. So an attacker would have a 1 in 2128 chance of a successful authentication which is much stronger than the one in a million chance required by FIPS 140-2. 3.3 Services Role Authentication Services Method MACsec Network Functions: authentication, access control, User EAP and 802.1X- confidentiality and data integrity services provided by the REV MACsec protocol. Authentication, Local database, TACACS+ or RADIUS Configure the switch: define network interfaces and settings, Cryptographic Local database, create command aliases, set the protocols the switch will Officer TACACS+ or support, enable interfaces and network services, set system date RADIUS, SESA and time, and load authentication information. Management protocols: remote access to the switch via SSHv2, TLS or SNMPv3. Status functions: view the switch configuration, routing tables, © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 13 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. and active sessions; view health, temperature, memory status, voltage, and packet statistics; review accounting logs, and view physical interface status. Set Encryption/Bypass: Place module into Encryption or Bypass state. Perform Self Tests: Perform the FIPS 140 start-up tests on demand Show status (viewing LEDs), passing traffic through the device, Unauthenticated N/A power-cycling the device. Perform Self Tests: occurs upon system startup Table 8 - Services 4 Physical Security This module is a multi-chip standalone cryptographic module. The FIPS 140-2 level 2 physical security requirements for the modules are met by the use of opacity shields covering the front and side panels of modules to provide the required opacity and tamper evident seals to provide the required tamper evidence. The following sections illustrate the physical security provided by the module. The following table shows the number of tamper evident labels and opacity shields that shall be shall be installed for the module to operate in a FIPS approved mode of operation. The CO is responsible for securing and having control at all times of any unused tamper evident labels. 3750x/3560x 3560c Face Tamper Evident Opacity Shields Tamper Evident Opacity Shields Labels Labels Front 5 2 N/A N/A Left 6 2 1 N/A Right 6 2 N/A N/A Back 8 N/A N/A N/A Top N/A N/A 1 1 Bottom N/A N/A 4 N/A Total 25 6 6 1 Table 9 - Tamper Evident Labels and Opacity Shields – All Models 4.1 Module Opacity To install an opacity shield, follow these steps: © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 14 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice.  Open the FIPS kit (part numbers: C3KX-FIPS-KIT 700-34443-01 for 3560X and 3750X or C3KX-FIPS-KIT 47-25129-01 for 3560C). The kit contains: a. Opacity shields for front and sides b. Tamper evident labels 2. Apply the opacity shields as per the diagram below Figure 3a) - Opacity Shields2 for 3750x/3560x 2 WS-C3750X-12S and WS-C3750X-24S modules do not need opacity shields on the front face. © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 15 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 3b) - Opacity Shields for 3560c 4.2 Tamper Evidence Once the module has been configured to meet overall FIPS 140-2 Level 2 requirements, the module cannot be accessed without signs of tampering. The CO shall inspect for signs of tampering periodically. To seal the system, apply serialized tamper-evidence labels as depicted in the figures below. This label placement is applicable to the C3560-X and the C3750-X models included in this validation. 3 5 4 1 2 Figure 4 - Front face © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 16 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 9 10 11 6 7 8 Figure 5 - Right side 17 15 16 14 12 13 3 Figure 6 - Left side 25 Figure 7 - Rear face3 Note: No extra TELs are required to be put on the top or bottom side of each C3560-X or C3750- X model while in the FIPS mode. 3 TEL #20 is used to protect the power supply unit © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 17 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. The 3560C tamper evident labels are detailed in the following photographs. Group 1: 3560CG-8PC-S Figure 8 - Front of 3560CG-8PC-S Figure 9- Right side of 3560CG-8PC-S 1 Figure 10- Left side of 3560CG-8PC-S 2 1 Figure 11- Back of 3560CG-8PC-S 2 Figure 12- Top of 3560CG-8PC-S © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 18 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 3 4 5 6 Figure 13- Bottom of 3560CG-8PC-S Group 2: C3560CG-8TC-S Figure 14- Front of C3560CG-8TC-S Figure 15- Right side of C3560CG-8TC-S 1 Figure 16- Left side of C3560CG-8TC-S 1 2 Figure 17- Rear of C3560CG-8TC-S © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 19 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 2 Figure 18- Top of C3560CG-8TC-S 3 4 6 5 Figure 19- Bottom of 3560CG-8PT-S Group 3: 3560CPD-8PT-S Figure 20- Front of 3560CPD-8PT-S Figure 21- Right side of 3560CPD-8PT-S © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 20 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 1 Figure 22- Left side of 3560CPD-8PT-S 2 1 Figure 23- Rear of 3560CPD-8PT-S 3 Figure 24- Top of 3560CPD-8PT-S 3 4 5 6 Figure 25- Bottom of 3560CPD-8PT-S © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 21 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 5 Cryptographic Algorithms Approved Cryptographic Algorithms 5.1.1 The Cisco Switches support many different cryptographic algorithms. However, only FIPS approved algorithms may be used while in the FIPS mode of operation. The following table identifies the approved algorithms included in the Switches for use in the FIPS mode of operation. Algorithm Implementation CAVP Certificate AES  CBC – IOS Common Crypto Module  2134  ECB – MACsec PHY  1024  GCM – MACsec PHY  1275  GCM – MACsec PHY (Service Module)  1269  HMAC  IOS Common Crypto Module  1304  DRBG  IOS Common Crypto Module  237  RSA  IOS Common Crypto Module  1100  SHS  IOS Common Crypto Module  1858  Triple‐DES  IOS Common Crypto Module  1358  Table 10 - FIPS-Approved Algorithms for use in FIPS Mode Non-Approved Algorithms 5.1.2 The cryptographic module implements the following non-approved algorithms that are not permitted for use in FIPS 140-2 mode of operations:  DES  HMAC-MD5  MD5  RC4 In addition, the modules support the following key establishment schemes allowed in FIPS mode:  Diffie-Hellman (key agreement; key establishment methodology provides between 112 and 150 bits of encryption strength; non-compliant less than 112 bits of encryption strength)  RSA (key wrapping; key establishment methodology provides 112 bits of encryption strength; non-compliant less than 112 bits of encryption strength)  AES (Cert. #2134, key wrapping; key establishment methodology provides 128 or 256 bits of encryption strength) © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 22 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 5.1.3 Self-Tests The modules include an array of self-tests that are run during startup and periodically during operations to prevent any secure data from being released and to ensure all components are functioning correctly. The modules implement the following power-on self-tests:  IOS Known Answer Tests: o AES KAT o AES-CMAC KAT o AES-GCM KAT o HMAC-SHA-1 KAT o HMAC-SHA-256 KAT o HMAC-SHA-512 KAT o DRBG KAT o SHA-1 KAT o SHA-256 KAT o SHA-512 KAT o RSA KAT o Triple-DES KAT  MAC PHY (Service Module PHY included) crypto Known Answer Tests: o AES-GCM KAT  Firmware Integrity Test o RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 (2048 bits) signature verification with SHA-256 The modules perform all power-on self-tests automatically at boot. All power-on self-tests must be passed before any operator can perform cryptographic services. The power-on self-tests are performed after the cryptographic systems are initialized but prior any other operations; this prevents the module from passing any data during a power-on self-test failure. In addition, the modules also provide the following conditional self-tests:  Continuous Random Number Generator Test for the FIPS-approved RNG  Continuous Random Number Generator Test for the non-approved RNG  Pairwise Consistency Test for RSA  Conditional IPSec Bypass Test  Conditional MACSec Bypass Test © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 23 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 6 Cryptographic Key/CSP Management The module securely administers both cryptographic keys and other critical security parameters such as passwords. The tamper evidence seals provide physical protection for all keys. All keys are also protected by the password-protection on the CO role login, and can be zeroized by the CO. Keys are exchanged and entered electronically. Persistent keys are entered by the CO via the console port CLI, transient keys are generated or established and stored in DRAM. Note that the command fips zeroize all will zeroize a large majority of the listed CSPs. The CTS specific CSPs will require the cts key zeroize CLI. The module supports the following secret and private keys and critical security parameters (CSPs): Zeroization ID Algorithm Size Description Storage Method General Keys/CSPs  User  Password  Variable (8+  Used to authenticate  NVRAM  Zeroized by  Password  characters)  local users  (plaintext)  overwriting  with new  password  Enable  Password  Variable (8+  Used to authenticate  NVRAM  Zeroized by  Secret  characters)  local users at a higher  (plaintext)  overwriting  privilege level  with new  password  RADIUS  Shared  Variable (8+  The RADIUS Shared  NVRAM  # no radius‐ secret  Secret  characters)  Secret  (plaintext)  server key  RADIUS Key  AES  128/256 bits  Used to protect SAK  DRAM  Zeroized when  wrap key  (plaintext)  data structure  is freed  TACACS+  Shared  Variable (8+  The TACACS+ shared  NVRAM  # no tacacs‐ secret  Secret  characters)  secret  (plaintext)  server key  DRBG  SP 800‐90  256-bits HW based entropy DRAM Automatically source output used to (plaintext)  when the entropy  CTR_DRBG  construct seed  switch is input  power cycled  DRBG seed  SP 800‐90  384-bits Input to the DRBG DRAM Automatically that determines the (plaintext  when the CTR_DRBG  internal state of the switch is DRBG power cycled  DRBG V  SP 800‐90  128‐bits  Generated by entropy DRAM Automatically source via the (plaintext)  when the CTR_DRBG  CTR_DRBG switch is derivation function. It power cycled  is stored in DRAM with plaintext form © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 24 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. DRBG Key  SP 800‐90  256-bits This is the 256-bit DRAM Automatically DRBG key used for SP (plaintext)  when the CTR_DRBG  800-90 CTR_DRBG  switch is power cycled  Diffie‐  DH  2048‐4096 bits The private exponent  DRAM  Automatically  Hellman  used in Diffie‐Hellman  (plaintext)  after shared  private key  (DH) exchange.   secret  generated.  Diffie‐  DH  2048‐4096 bits This is the shared  DRAM  Zeroized upon  Hellman  secret agreed upon as  (plaintext0  deletion  Shared  part of DH exchange  Secret  SSH   SSH RSA  RSA  2048  bits   SSH key  NVRAM  # fips zeroize  private key  (plaintext)  all  SSH session  Triple‐ 168‐bits/256‐ This is the SSH session  DRAM  Automatically  key  DES/AES  bits  symmetric key.   (plaintext)  when SSH    session  terminated  SSH session  HMAC SHA‐ 160‐bits  This is the SSH session  DRAM  Automatically  authenticati 1  authentication key  (plaintext)  when SSH  on key  session  terminated  TLS  TLS Server  RSA  2048 bits   Identity certificates for  NVRAM  # fips zeroize  RSA private  module itself and also  (plaintext)  all  key  used in TLS  negotiations.  TLS pre‐ Shared  384‐bits  Shared secret created  DRAM  Automatically  master  Secret  using asymmetric  (plaintext)  when session  secret   cryptography from  terminated.  which new HTTPS  session keys can be  created.  TLS session  Triple‐ 168‐bits/256‐ This is the TLS session  DRAM  Automatically  keys  DES/AES  bits  key  (plaintext)  when session    terminated.  MacSec  MACsec  AES‐GCM  128 bits   Used for creating  MACsec PHY  Automatically  Security  Security Associations  (plaintext)  when session  Association  (SA) for  expires  Key (SAK)  encrypting/decrypting  the MACSec traffic in  the MACSec hardware. MACsec  AES‐GCM  128 bits  A secret key possessed  MACsec PHY  Automatically  Connectivity  by members of a  (plaintext)  when session  Association  MACSec connectivity  expires  © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 25 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Key (CAK)  association.  MACsec  AES‐GCM  128 bits Used to transmit SAKs  MACsec PHY  Automatically  KEK  to other members of a  (plaintext)  when session  MACSec connectivity  expires  association  MACsec  secret  128 bits Used to verify the  MACsec PHY  Automatically  ICK  integrity and  (plaintext)  when session  authenticity of MPDUs  expires  SESA  SESA  AES  128 bits  Used to authorize  NVRAM  “no fips  Authorizatio members of a single  (plaintext)  authorization‐ n Key  stack on Incredible  key”  Units.   Used as input to  SP800‐108 derivation  methods to derive  four additional 128  fields to transfer the  Master Session Key  and additional  aggressive exchange  material   SESA  AES  128 bits  Used to derive SESA  DRAM  Upon  Master  session key  (plaintext)  completion of  Session Key  key exchange  SESA  AES and  128 bits and  Used to protect traffic  DRAM  Upon bringing  Derived  HMAC‐ 192 bits  over stacking ports  (plaintext)  down the stack  Session Keys  SHA‐1  CTS  Pairwise  SAP/AES‐ 256 bits   The PMK is used to  NVRAM  “cts key  Master Key  GCM  derive the PTK  (plaintext)  zeroize” CLI  (PMK)  (Pairwise Transient  Key) which in turn is  used in the session  encryption  (symmetric) key  generation process.   Protected  AES‐CBC  256 bits  The PAC (Protected  NVRAM  "clear cts pacs”  Access  Access Credential) is  (plaintext)  CLI  Credential  dynamically  (PAC) Key  provisioned in EAP‐ FAST phase 0 The PAC‐ key is a shared secret  that is used to secure  further  communications.  © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 26 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Pairwise  SAP/AES‐ 256 bits  Used to encrypt SAP  DRAM  Zeroized  Transient  GCM  payloads during SAP  (plaintext)  automatically  Key (PTK)  protocol  when SAP  implementations.  implementatio n is terminated  Key  SAP/AES‐ 160 bits  Used to protect SAP  DRAM  Zeroized  Confirmatio GCM  payloads integrity  (plaintext  automatically  n Key (KCK)  during SAP protocol  when SAP  implementations  implementatio n is terminated  IPSec  skeyid  Shared  160 bits  Used for key  DRAM  Automatically  Secret  agreement in IKE. This  (plaintext)  when session  key was derived in the  expires  module  skeyid_d  Shared  160 bits  Used for key  DRAM  Automatically  Secret  agreement in IKE  (plaintext)  when session  expires  IKE session  TRIPLE‐ 168‐bit  Derived in the module  DRAM  Automatically  encryption  DES/AES  TRIPLE‐DES or  used for IKE payload  (plaintext)  when session  key  a 256‐bit AES  integrity verification  expires  IKE session  HMAC‐ 160 bits  HMAC‐SHA1 key  DRAM  Automatically  authenticati SHA1  (plaintext)  when session  on key  expires  ISAKMP  pre‐shared  8 characters  This key was  DRAM  Automatically  preshared  key  configured by CO and  (plaintext)  when session  used for User role  expires  authentication using  IKE Pre‐shared key  based authentication  mechanism  IKE RSA  RSA  2048 bits  private key used for  NVRAM  # fips zeroize  Authenticati IKE protocol during  all  on private  the handshake  Key  IPSec  HMAC‐ 160 bits  used to authenticate  DRAM  Automatically  Authenticati SHA1  the IPSec peer  (plaintext)  when session  on key  expires  IPSec  TRIPLE‐ 168‐bit  Used to Secure IPSec  DRAM  Automatically  encryption  DES/AES  TRIPLE‐DES or  traffic  (plaintext)  when session  key  a 256‐bit AES  expires  Table 11 – Secret and private keys and CSPs © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 27 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. The services accessing the CSPs, the type of access and which role accesses the CSPs are listed below. Role Service Critical Security Parameters User Role  MACsec Network Functions   RNG Seed, RNG Seed key, DH private  exponent, DH Shared Secret MACsec Security  Association Key, MACsec Connectivity  Association Key, MACsec KEK, MACsec ICK (X)  Crypto‐Officer Role  Manage the Switch  TLS Server RSA private key, SSH RSA private  key, RADIUS secret, TACACS+ secret, RADIUS  key wrap key, User Password, Enable  Password, SESA Authorization Key (R/W/D)  Crypto‐Officer Role  Management Protocols  TLS Server RSA private key, TLS pre‐master  secret, TLS session key, SSH RSA private key,  SSH session key, RADIUS secret, TACACS+  secret, SESA Master Session Key, SESA  Derived Session key (X)  R=Read, W=Write, D=Zeroize, X=Execute Table 12 - Role CSP Access 7 Secure Operation of the 3560c/3560x/3750x series switches The switches meet all the overall Level 2 requirements for FIPS 140-2. Follow the setup instructions provided below to place the module in FIPS-approved mode. Operating this Switch without maintaining the following settings will remove the module from the FIPS approved mode of operation. 7.1 Initial Setup 1. The CO must apply opacity shield and tamper evidence labels as described above. 7.2 System Initialization and Configuration 1. The value of the boot field must be 0x0102. This setting disables break from the console to the ROM monitor and automatically boots. From the “configure terminal” command line, the CO enters the following syntax: config-register 0x0F 2. The CO must create the “enable” password for the CO role. Procedurally, the password must be at least 8 characters, including at least one letter and at least one number, and is entered when the CO first engages the “enable” command. The CO enters the following syntax at the “#” prompt: Switch(config)# enable secret [PASSWORD] 3. The CO must always assign passwords (of at least 8 characters, including at least one letter and at least one number) to users. Identification and authentication on the console/auxiliary port is required for Users. From the “configure terminal” command line, the CO enters the following syntax: © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 28 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Switch(config)# line con 0 Switch(config)# password [PASSWORD] Switch(config)# login local 4. To ensure all FIPS 140-2 logging is received, set the log level: Switch(config)# logging console errors 5. The CO enables secure stacking (SESA) but configuring the Authorization key: Switch(config)# fips authorization-key <128 bit, i.e, 16 hex byte key> 6. The CO may configure the module to use RADIUS or TACACS+ for authentication. If the module is configured to use RADIUS, the Crypto-Officer must define RADIUS or shared secret keys that are at least 8 characters long, including at least one letter and at least one number. 7. To enable MACsec: a. First configure the MKA Protocol: Switch(config)# mka policy policy-name Switch(config-mka-policy)# replay-protection window-size 300 Switch(config-mka-policy)# end b. Then configure MACsec on the desired interfaces: Switch(config-if)# macsec Switch(config-if)# authentication host-mode multi-domain Switch(config-if)# authentication linksec policy must-secure Switch(config-if)# authentication port-control auto Switch(config-if)# authentication violation protect Switch(config-if)# mka policy policy-name Switch(config-if)# dot1x pae authenticator Switch(config-if)# end 8. The CO shall only assign users to a privilege level 1 (the default). 9. The CO shall not assign a command to any privilege level other than its default. 7.3 Remote Access 1. Remote access is permitted via SSHv2, TLS and SNMPv3. While in FIPS 140-2 Mode of Operations the switches will enforce use of Approved algorithms for the management protocols. Please be aware that, as per NIST Implementation Guidance (IG) D.8, scenario 4, those protocols and associated Key Derivation Functions (KDFs) are allowed to be used in FIPS mode but are non-compliant. © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 29 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 8 Related Documentation This document deals only with operations and capabilities of the security appliances in the technical terms of a FIPS 140-2 cryptographic device security policy. More information is available on the security appliances from the sources listed in this section and from the following source:  The NIST Cryptographic Module Validation Program website (http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/index.html) contains contact information for answers to technical or sales-related questions for the security appliances. 9 Obtaining Documentation Cisco documentation and additional literature are available on Cisco.com. Cisco also provides several ways to obtain technical assistance and other technical resources. These sections explain how to obtain technical information from Cisco Systems. 9.1 Cisco.com You can access the most current Cisco documentation at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport You can access the Cisco website at this URL: http://www.cisco.com You can access international Cisco websites at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml 9.2 Product Documentation DVD Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in the Product Documentation DVD package, which may have shipped with your product. The Product Documentation DVD is updated regularly and may be more current than printed documentation. The Product Documentation DVD is a comprehensive library of technical product documentation on portable media. The DVD enables you to access multiple versions of hardware and software installation, configuration, and command guides for Cisco products and to view technical documentation in HTML. With the DVD, you have access to the same documentation that is found on the Cisco website without being connected to the Internet. Certain products also have .pdf versions of the documentation available. The Product Documentation DVD is available as a single unit or as a subscription. Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order a Product Documentation DVD (product number DOC-DOCDVD=) from Cisco Marketplace at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/ 9.3 Ordering Documentation Beginning June 30, 2005, registered Cisco.com users may order Cisco documentation at the Product Documentation Store in the Cisco Marketplace at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/ © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 30 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order technical documentation from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (0800 to 1700) PDT by calling 1 866 463-3487 in the United States and Canada, or elsewhere by calling 011 408 519-5055. You can also order documentation by e-mail at tech-doc-store- mkpl@external.cisco.com or by fax at 1 408 519-5001 in the United States and Canada, or elsewhere at 011 408 519-5001. 10 Documentation Feedback You can rate and provide feedback about Cisco technical documents by completing the online feedback form that appears with the technical documents on Cisco.com. You can send comments about Cisco documentation to bug-doc@cisco.com. You can submit comments by using the response card (if present) behind the front cover of your document or by writing to the following address: Cisco Systems Attn: Customer Document Ordering 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-9883 We appreciate your comments. 11 Cisco Product Security Overview Cisco provides a free online Security Vulnerability Policy portal at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html From this site, you can perform these tasks:  Report security vulnerabilities in Cisco products.  Obtain assistance with security incidents that involve Cisco products.  Register to receive security information from Cisco. A current list of security advisories and notices for Cisco products is available at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt If you prefer to see advisories and notices as they are updated in real time, you can access a Product Security Incident Response Team Really Simple Syndication (PSIRT RSS) feed from this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_psirt_rss_feed.html 11.1 Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products Cisco is committed to delivering secure products. We test our products internally before we release them, and we strive to correct all vulnerabilities quickly. If you think that you might have identified a vulnerability in a Cisco product, contact PSIRT: © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 31 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice.  Emergencies — security-alert@cisco.com An emergency is either a condition in which a system is under active attack or a condition for which a severe and urgent security vulnerability should be reported. All other conditions are considered nonemergencies.  Nonemergencies — psirt@cisco.com In an emergency, you can also reach PSIRT by telephone:  1 877 228-7302  1 408 525-6532 Tip We encourage you to use Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) or a compatible product to encrypt any sensitive information that you send to Cisco. PSIRT can work from encrypted information that is compatible with PGP versions 2.x through 8.x. Never use a revoked or an expired encryption key. The correct public key to use in your correspondence with PSIRT is the one linked in the Contact Summary section of the Security Vulnerability Policy page at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html The link on this page has the current PGP key ID in use. 12 Obtaining Technical Assistance Cisco Technical Support provides 24-hour-a-day award-winning technical assistance. The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website on Cisco.com features extensive online support resources. In addition, if you have a valid Cisco service contract, Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) engineers provide telephone support. If you do not have a valid Cisco service contract, contact your reseller. 12.1 Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website provides online documents and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. The website is available 24 hours a day, at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Access to all tools on the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. If you have a valid service contract but do not have a user ID or password, you can register at this URL: http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do Note Use the Cisco Product Identification (CPI) tool to locate your product serial number before submitting a web or phone request for service. You can access the CPI tool from the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website by clicking the Tools & Resources link under Documentation & Tools. Choose Cisco Product Identification Tool from the Alphabetical Index drop-down list, or click the Cisco Product Identification Tool link under Alerts & RMAs. The CPI tool offers three search options: by product ID or model name; by tree view; or for certain products, by copying and pasting show command output. Search results show an illustration of your product with the serial © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 32 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. number label location highlighted. Locate the serial number label on your product and record the information before placing a service call. 12.2 Submitting a Service Request Using the online TAC Service Request Tool is the fastest way to open S3 and S4 service requests. (S3 and S4 service requests are those in which your network is minimally impaired or for which you require product information.) After you describe your situation, the TAC Service Request Tool provides recommended solutions. If your issue is not resolved using the recommended resources, your service request is assigned to a Cisco engineer. The TAC Service Request Tool is located at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/servicerequest For S1 or S2 service requests or if you do not have Internet access, contact the Cisco TAC by telephone. (S1 or S2 service requests are those in which your production network is down or severely degraded.) Cisco engineers are assigned immediately to S1 and S2 service requests to help keep your business operations running smoothly. To open a service request by telephone, use one of the following numbers: Asia-Pacific: +61 2 8446 7411 (Australia: 1 800 805 227)EMEA: +32 2 704 55 55USA: 1 800 553-2447 For a complete list of Cisco TAC contacts, go to this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/contacts 12.3 Definitions of Service Request Severity To ensure that all service requests are reported in a standard format, Cisco has established severity definitions. Severity 1 (S1) – Your network is “down,” or there is a critical impact to your business operations. You and Cisco will commit all necessary resources around the clock to resolve the situation. Severity 2 (S2) – Operation of an existing network is severely degraded, or significant aspects of your business operation are negatively affected by inadequate performance of Cisco products. You and Cisco will commit full-time resources during normal business hours to resolve the situation. Severity 3 (S3) – Operational performance of your network is impaired, but most business operations remain functional. You and Cisco will commit resources during normal business hours to restore service to satisfactory levels. Severity 4 (S4) – You require information or assistance with Cisco product capabilities, installation, or configuration. There is little or no effect on your business operations. 13 Obtaining Additional Publications and Information Information about Cisco products, technologies, and network solutions is available from various online and printed sources.  Cisco Marketplace provides a variety of Cisco books, reference guides, documentation, and logo merchandise. Visit Cisco Marketplace, the company store, at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/ © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 33 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice.  Cisco Press publishes a wide range of general networking, training and certification titles. Both new and experienced users will benefit from these publications. For current Cisco Press titles and other information, go to Cisco Press at this URL: http://www.ciscopress.com  Packet magazine is the Cisco Systems technical user magazine for maximizing Internet and networking investments. Each quarter, Packet delivers coverage of the latest industry trends, technology breakthroughs, and Cisco products and solutions, as well as network deployment and troubleshooting tips, configuration examples, customer case studies, certification and training information, and links to scores of in-depth online resources. You can access Packet magazine at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/packet  iQ Magazine is the quarterly publication from Cisco Systems designed to help growing companies learn how they can use technology to increase revenue, streamline their business, and expand services. The publication identifies the challenges facing these companies and the technologies to help solve them, using real-world case studies and business strategies to help readers make sound technology investment decisions. You can access iQ Magazine at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/iqmagazine  or view the digital edition at this URL: http://ciscoiq.texterity.com/ciscoiq/sample/  Internet Protocol Journal is a quarterly journal published by Cisco Systems for engineering professionals involved in designing, developing, and operating public and private internets and intranets. You can access the Internet Protocol Journal at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/ipj  Networking products offered by Cisco Systems, as well as customer support services, can be obtained at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/index.html  Networking Professionals Connection is an interactive website for networking professionals to share questions, suggestions, and information about networking products and technologies with Cisco experts and other networking professionals. Join a discussion at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/discuss/networking  World-class networking training is available from Cisco. You can view current offerings at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/index.html © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 34 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 14 Definition List AES – Advanced Encryption Standard CMVP – Cryptographic Module Validation Program CSEC – Communications Security Establishment Canada CSP – Critical Security Parameter FIPS – Federal Information Processing Standard HMAC – Hash Message Authentication Code HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol KAT – Known Answer Test LED – Light Emitting Diode MAC – Message Authentication Code MACsec – IEEE MAC Security protocol 802.1AE NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology NVRAM – Non-Volatile Random Access Memory PoE+ – Power over Ethernet Plus RAM – Random Access Memory RNG – Random Number Generator SHA – Secure Hash Algorithm Triple-DES – Triple Data Encryption Standard © Copyright 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. 35 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice.