HP A-Series Routers with VPN Firewall Module FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy Level 2 Validation Version 1.01 March 2012 Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 1 , Total 28 Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 HP 6600 Router Series ......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 HP 8800 Router Series ......................................................................................................... 8 3 Security Appliance Validation Level .......................................................................................... 10 4 Physical Characteristics and Security Appliance Interfaces .................................................. 11 4.1 HP 6600 Router Series Interfaces ...................................................................................... 11 4.2 HP 8800 Router Series Interfaces ...................................................................................... 12 4.3 Physical Interfaces Mapping ............................................................................................... 13 5 Roles, Services, and Authentication ......................................................................................... 14 5.1 Roles ................................................................................................................................... 14 5.2 Services .............................................................................................................................. 14 5.3 Authentication Mechanisms ................................................................................................ 18 6 Approved Cryptographic Algorithms ........................................................................................ 19 7 Non-approved Cryptographic Algorithms................................................................................. 19 8 Cryptographic Key Management ............................................................................................... 20 8.1 Access Control Policy ......................................................................................................... 22 9 Self-Tests ...................................................................................................................................... 24 9.1 Power-On Self-Tests ........................................................................................................... 24 9.2 Conditional Self-Tests ......................................................................................................... 25 10 Delivery and Operation ............................................................................................................. 25 10.1 Secure Delivery ................................................................................................................. 25 10.2 Secure Operation .............................................................................................................. 26 11 Physical Security Mechanism .................................................................................................. 27 12 Mitigation of Other Attacks ....................................................................................................... 28 13 Documentation References ...................................................................................................... 28 13.1 Obtaining documentation .................................................................................................. 28 13.2 Technical support .............................................................................................................. 28 Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 2 , Total 28 FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy for the HP A-Series Routers Keywords: Security Policy, CSP, Roles, Service, Cryptographic Module List of abbreviations: Abbreviation Full spelling AAA Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting AES Advanced Encryption Standard CE1 Channelized E1 CE3 Channelized E3 CF Compact Flash CLI Command Line Interface CMVP Cryptographic Module Validation Program CPOS Channelized Packet Over SONET/SDH CSP Critical Security Parameter CT1 Channelized T1 DES Data Encryption Standard DOA Dead on arrival FCoE Fibre Channel over Ethernet FE1 Fractional E1 FIP Flexible Interface Platform FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard Fractional T1 FT1 High-speed Interface Module HIM HMAC Hash-based Message Authentication Code HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol IKE Internet Key Exchange IPsec Internet Protocol Security IRF Intelligent Resilient Framework KAT Known Answer Test LED Light Emitting Diode LPU Line Processing Unit MAC Message Authentication Code Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 3 , Total 28 Abbreviation Full spelling MAN Metropolitan Area Network Mbps Megabits per second MIM Multifunctional Interface Module MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching MPU Main Processing Unit NAT Network Address Translation NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NP Network Processor OAA Open Application Architecture OAP Open Application Platform OC Optical Carrier OSPF Open Shortest Path First PSU Power Supply Unit QoS Quality of Service RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RAM Random Access Memory Rivest Shamir and Adleman method for asymmetric encryption RSA Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH SFP Small Form-Factor Pluggable Enhanced Small Form-Factor Pluggable SFP+ Secure Hash Algorithm SHA SMB SubMinature version B Synchronous Optical Networking SONET Switching and routing processor unit SRPU SSL Secure Sockets Layer Synchronous Transport Module STM TLS Transport Layer Security VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service XFP 10 Gigabit Small Form-Factor Pluggable Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 4 , Total 28 1 Introduction This document is a non-proprietary Cryptographic Module Security Policy for HP A-series Routers with VPN Firewall Module (6600 and 8800 series). The policy describes how the HP A- series routers meet the requirements of FIPS 140-2. This document also describes how to configure HP A-series routers in FIPS 140-2 mode. This document was prepared as part of the Level 2 FIPS 140-2 validation. FIPS 140-2 standard details the U.S. Government requirements for cryptographic security appliances. More information about the standard and validation program is available on the NIST website at http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/ This document includes the following sections:  Overview  Security Appliance Validation Level  Physical Characteristics and Security Appliance Interfaces  Roles, Services and Authentication  FIPS Approved Algorithms  Non-FIPS Approved Algorithms  Cryptographic Key Management  Self-Tests  Delivery and Operation  Physical Security Mechanism  Mitigation of Other Attacks  Obtaining Documentation and Technical Assistance 2 Overview The HP A-series provides devices are suitable for a range of uses: in IP backbone networks, IP metropolitan area networks (MANs), or the core or convergence layers of large IP networks. The A-series routers provide a flexible, modular form factor. 2.1 HP 6600 Router Series As the first service convergence routers based on a multi-core processor, the HP 6600 router series dramatically enhance service processing capacity. Distributed processing architecture, isolated routing, and service engines, as well as isolated control and service panels, provide higher reliability and continual services. Different software service engines can handle different services such as network address translation (NAT), quality of service (QoS), IPsec, and NetStream, with no further cost from additional hardware service modules. 6600 routers feature a modular design and an embedded hardware encryption capacity, as well as flexible deployment configurations, including High-speed Interface Modules (HIMs), Multi-function Interface Modules (MIMs), and Open Application Architecture (OAA)-enabled modules that Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 5 , Total 28 provide network customization and investment protection. These routers provide carrier-class reliability from network, device, link, and service layers. Testing included three models in the 6600 series:  HP 6604 Router Chassis  HP 6608 Router Chassis  HP 6616 Router Chassis Figure 1 shows representatives of the series. This series requires 9 Tamper-evident labels and 1 opacity shield, 38 tamper-evident labels and 3 opacity shields, and 38 tamper-evident labels and 2 opacity shields as configured and shown in Figure 1. Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 6 , Total 28 TEL 2 TEL 5 TEL 6,7 Opacity 1 TEL 9 TEL 1 TEL 8 TEL 3,4 TEL 21,22, TEL 23, 24, 25 1,2,3,4,5,6 TEL 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12 Opacity 1, 2, 3 TEL 26, 27, 28, TEL 13,14,15,16,17,18, 29, 30 19,20 TEL 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 TEL Opacity 1, 1, 2, 2, 3 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 TEL 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, TEL 30,31,32,33,34,35, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 36, 37,38 Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 7 , Total 28 TEL 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 TEL 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Opacity 1,2 TEL 10, 11. 12.13, 14,15, 16,17, 18,19 TEL 20,21,22, 23,24,25,26,27 Figure 1 HP 6600 Router Series Representative View 2.2 HP 8800 Router Series The HP 8800 router series feature a distributed high-performance network processor (NP) as well as high-capacity crossbar non-blocking switching technology that delivers robust network processing performance and flexibility. A distributed QoS control unit provides end-to-end service, as well as core services at a fine granularity. Furthermore, the routers' distributed operation, administration, and maintenance detection engines implement fault detection within 30 ms to provide uninterrupted core services. These innovative technologies, paired with the QoS control mechanism, provide smooth operation of multiple users and multiple services. The 8800 routers are commonly deployed in IP backbone networks, IP MANs, or the core or convergence layers of large IP networks. Offering high forwarding performance and abundant services, 8800 series routers can capably fulfill user needs in a range of networking scenarios. Testing included three models in the HP 8800 series:  HP 8805 Router Chassis  HP 8808 Router Chassis  HP 8812 Router Chassis Figure 2 shows representatives of the series. This series requires 40 Tamper-evident labels and 3 opacity shields, 48 tamper-evident labels and 5 opacity shields, and 52 tamper-evident labels and 3 opacity shields as configured and shown in Figure 2 Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 8 , Total 28 TEL 30,31, 32,33,34, 35,36,37, 38,39,40 TEL 1,2,3,4 ,5,6,7, 8,9,10, 11,12, 13 TEL 14,15, 16,17,18,19, Opacity 20,21,22,23, 1,2,3 24,25,26,27, 28, 29 Opacity 1,2,3,4,5 TEL 1,2,3,4 ,5,6,7, 8,9,10, 11,12, 13,14, TEL 15,16, 41, 42, 17,18, 4,3, 19, 20 44, TEL 21, 45,46, 22, 23, 24, 46,47, 25, 26, 27, 48 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,34, 35,36,37, 38, 39, 40 Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 9 , Total 28 TEL 1,2,3,4 ,5,6,7, 8,9,10, TEL 11,12, 35,36, 13,14, 37,38, 15,16, 39,40, 17,18, 41,42, 19, 20, 43,44, 21,22, 45,46, 23,24, 47,48, 25,26, 49,50, 27,28, 51,52, 29,30, 53 31,32, 33,34 Opacity 1,2 ,3 Figure 2 HP 8800 Router Series Representative View 3 Security Appliance Validation Level Table 1 lists the level of validation for each area in the FIPS PUB 140-2. Table 1 Validation Level by Section No. Area Level 1 Cryptographic Module Specification 2 2 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 2 3 Roles, Services, and Authentication 2 4 Finite State Model 2 5 Physical Security 2 6 Operational Environment N/A 7 Cryptographic Key management 2 8 Electromagnetic Interface/Electromagnetic Compatibility 2 9 Self-Tests 2 Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 10 , Total 28 10 Design Assurance 2 11 Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A 4 Physical Characteristics and Security Appliance Interfaces Each HP A-series router is a multi-chip standalone security appliance. The cryptographic boundary is defined as encompassing the “top,” “front,” “left,” “right,” “rear” and “bottom” surfaces of the integrated chassis. The general components of each router include firmware and hardware which are placed in the three-dimensional space within the chassis. The HP A-series routers use a distributed architecture, which comprises the chassis, power module, fan, backplane, main processing units (MPUs), and line processing units (LPUs). An MPU calculates routes, manages the forwarding information base, supervises and controls the system, and provides precise system clock and real-time clock function. LPU either provide network interfaces directly or host interface modules that provide network interfaces. 4.1 HP 6600 Router Series Interfaces HP 6600 routers support two types of interface modules: HIMs and MIMs. A HIM provide high speed service processing while a MIM provides high-density narrowband aggregation. HP offers HIMs providing a variety of ports:  10/100 Mpbs Ethernet (8 ports),  Gigabit Ethernet (4 and 8 ports),  SFP Gigabit (4 and 8 ports),  XFP 10-Gigabit (1 port),  OC-3/STM-1 CPOS E1/T1 (1 and 2 ports),  OC-3/STM-1 CPOS E3/T3 (1 and 2 ports),  OC-3/STM-1 and OC-12/STM-4 POS (2 and 4 ports),  OC-48/STM-16 CPOS or POS (1 port),  OC-3/STM-1 ATM (1 and 2 ports),  CO-48/STM-16 RPR (2 RPR interfaces with 2 Mate interfaces) MIMs provide:  POS (1 port)  Gigabit Ethernet (1 ports)  E1/CE1/FE1 (8 ports (DB-68 connector with BNC splitter cable))  CT1/FT1 (8 ports (DB-68 connector with RJ-45 splitter cable))  E3/CE3 (1 port (2 SMB interfaces for Tx/Rx))  T3/CT3 (1 port (2 SMB interfaces for Tx/Rx))  OC-3/STM-1 ATM (1 port)  Serial (2, 4, and 8 ports (DB-28 interfaces supporting V.24, V.35, RS-449, X.21, and RS- Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 11 , Total 28 530) Each HIM and each MIM has LEDs for port status. The HP 6604, 6608, and 6616 have a distributed architecture. HIMs and MIMs are mounted in flexible interface platform (FIP) modules, which are in turn mounted in a router to support different network services. The routers support FIP-110 and FIP-210 modules. A FIP-110 has four slots for MIMs. A FIP-210 has two slots for either HIMs or MIMs. Each FIP also has two combination ports (Gigabit Ethernet / SPF Gigabit) with status LEDs. The 6604, 6608, and 6616 routers have, respectively, two, four, and eight service module slots that can each accommodate a FIP module. One service module slot may be used for an MPU in place of a FIP module. The HP 6600 routers support service aggregation platform (SAP) modules. A SAP module provides network ports for receiving packets from the network and sending packets to the network. HP 6600 routers support two types of SAP modules, one type with 48 Gigabit Ethernet ports and the other type with 24 SFP Gigabit port. Both models can be routed or switched. Each SAP module has status LEDs for each port as well as for the SAP module itself. An HP 6600 Router service module slot can accommodate a SAP module. The HP 6600 routers with distributed architecture each require at least one MPU. There are two types of MPU: RPE-X1 and RSE-X1. The MPUs have similar interfaces: reset button, Gigabit Ethernet management port, serial console port, auxiliary serial port, two USB ports (type A and B), and a CF card slot with CF card button. They have LEDs for run, system alarm, active/standby, management port, USB, and CF card status. RSE-X1 has an additional power status LED. The MPU differ in form factor. RPE-X1 is a half-slot wide while RSE-X1 is a full slot wide. Each model supports up to two MPU. Each router has a slot dedicated for an MPU, which can accommodate two RPE-X1 MPU. One service slot may be used for an MPU to accommodate two RSE-X1 MPUs. 4.2 HP 8800 Router Series Interfaces HP 8805, 8808, and 8812 have slots for five, eight, and 12 LPUs, respectively. HP 8800 routers support two types of LPUs. One type has a fixed set of ports and the other type hosts interface daughter cards. Fixed-port LPUs provide:  Gigabit Ethernet (48 ports),  SFP Gigabit (48 ports),  XFP 10-Gigabit (2 and 4 ports),  Gigabit Ethernet and SPF Gigabit (24 ports (16 Gigabit Ethernet ports and 8 combination)) HP offers four LPU that support interface daughter cards. SPE-1010-II and SPE-1010-E-II each support one interface daughter card. SPE-1020-II and SPE-1020-E-II each support two interface daughter cards. Interface daughter cards provide:  Gigabit Ethernet (20 ports),  SFP Gigabit (10 and 20 ports),  XFP 10-Gigabit (1 port),  OC-48c/STM-16c RPR SFP (2 ports),  OC-192c/STM-64c RPR XFP (1 port),  OC-3c/OC-12c POS SFP (8 ports), Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 12 , Total 28  OC-48c/STM-16c POS SFP (4 ports),  OC-192c/STM-64c POS XFP (1 port),  OC-3c ATM SFP (4 ports),  OC-12c ATM SFP (1 port),  OC-3c/STM-1c POS SFP (2 ports) and SFP Gigabit (6 ports),  OC-12c/STM-4c POS SFP (2 ports) and SFP Gigabit (6 ports),  OC-48c/STM-16c POS SFP (2 ports) and SFP Gigabit (4 ports),  OC-3/STM-1 CPOS E1/T1 SFP (1 and 2 ports) and SFP Gigabit (8 ports),  CE1/CT1 (8 ports) and SFP Gigabit (8 ports),  OC-3 E3/T3 (4 ports) and SFP Gigabit (4 ports),  OC-12 E3/T3 (1 port) and SFP Gigabit (4 ports),  CE1/TE1 (32 ports (2 DB-28 connectors) and SFP Gigabit (2 ports), HP 8805, 8808, and 8812 each have two slots for MPUs. The routers support SR02SRP1F3 and SR02SRP2F3 MPU. The MPUs present the same interfaces: SMB coaxial clock interfaces, 1 reset button, USB (type A and B), console serial port, auxiliary serial port, RS-232/485 , Gigabit Ethernet management port, and CF card slot. They have LEDs for LPU, MPU, USB, and CF card status. Each HP 8800 router can accommodate two power supply units. HP has power supply units for both AC and DC power. Each power supply unit has a power switch and status LEDs. 4.3 Physical Interfaces Mapping The physical interfaces provided by the HP A-series routers map to four FIPS 140-2 defined logical interface: data input, data output, control input and status output. Table 1 presents the mapping. Table 1 Correspondence between Physical and Logical Interfaces Physical Interface FIPS 140-2 Logical Interface Networking ports Data Input Interface Console port Management Ethernet port CF card slot Networking ports Data Output Interface Console port Management Ethernet port CF card slot Networking ports Control Input Interface Console port Management Ethernet port Power switches Reset Switch Port status LED mode switching button Networking ports Status Output Interface Console port Management Ethernet port LEDs Power Slot Power Interface Backplane USB ports Unused Interface 1 The RS-232/485 interfaces is reserved and not supported at present. Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 13 , Total 28 Physical Interface FIPS 140-2 Logical Interface AUX port SMB coaxial clock interfaces RS-232/485 interfaces 5 Roles, Services, and Authentication 5.1 Roles The HP A-series routers provide management and VPN roles. There are four management roles: Visit, Monitor, Config, and Manage. Roles Visit, Monitor, and Config correspond to the FIPS 140-2 User Role. The Manage role corresponds to the FIPS 140-2 Crypto Officer role. The devices allow multiple management users to operate the appliance simultaneously. The HP A-series routers do not employ a maintenance interface and do not have a maintenance role. 5.2 Services The HP A-series routers provide Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) service with Internet Key Exchange (IKE). An HP A-series router can apply the IPsec service to protect network data and to protect communication between itself and Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) servers. The service is applied at the protocol level, and consequently, IPsec is not associated with a role. IPsec with IKE supports:  Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Layer 3 VPN,  MPLS Layer 2 VPN,  Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS),  Multicast Domain multicast VPN,  Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Multi-VPN Instance Customer Edge,  Dynamic Virtual Private Network, and  Embedded VPN firewall. The IPsec service is limited to the following protocol / algorithm combinations in FIPS mode of operation:  ah  esp HP A-series routers provide six classes of management services:  View device status,  Network functions,  Security management,  Review the audit trail,  View running status, and  Configure the security appliance. You can access these management services by using any of the following methods: Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 14 , Total 28  Console Port  SSH  Web user interface via HTTPS The console port and SSH present a command line interface while the web user interface is a graphical user interface. The following table lists services available to each role within each class of service. The role in the brackets is the corresponding role specified in FIPS 140-2. HP A-series routers do not support bypass (that is, services provided without cryptographic processing). Table 2 Services by Role Role Privilege Services level 1) View device status: Visit [User role] 0 Currently running image version; Installed hardware components status and version. 2) Network functions: Network diagnostic service such as “ping”; Network connection service such as “SSH” client. 3) Security management: Change the privilege level. 1) View device status: Monitor [User role] 1 Currently running image version; Installed hardware components status and version 2) Network functions: Network diagnostic service such as “ping”; Network connection service such as “SSH” client. 3) Security management: Change the privilege level. 4) Review the audit trail; 1) View device status: Config [User role] 2 Currently running image version; Installed hardware components status and version 2) Network functions: Network diagnostic service such as “ping”; Network connection service such as “SSH” client. 3) Security management: Change the privilege level; Reset and change the password of same/lower privilege user; Maintenance of the super password; Maintenance (create, destroy, import, export) of Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 15 , Total 28 Role Privilege Services level public key/private key/shared key. 4) Review the audit trail 5) View running status: Memory status, Packet statistics, Interface status, Current running Image version, Current configuration, Routing table, Active sessions, Temperature, SNMP MIB statistics. 6) Configure the security appliance: Save configuration; Management of information center (start-up and shut down audit functions; setting logbuffer, setting logfile; setting log output destination); Managing (create, modify, delete apply) the filtering rules; Management of firewall; Define network interfaces and settings; Set the protocols the security appliance will support; enable interfaces and network services. 1) View device status: Manage [Crypto 3 Currently running image version; Officer role] Installed hardware components status and version 2) Network functions: Network diagnostic service such as “ping”; Network connection service such as “SSH” client. 3) Security management: Change the privilege level; Reset and change the password of same/lower privilege user; Maintenance of the super password; Maintenance (create, destroy, import, export) of public key/private key/shared key; Shut down or Reboot the security appliance; Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 16 , Total 28 Role Privilege Services level Management (create, delete, modify) of the user group; Management (create, delete, modify) of the user account; Management of the time; Maintenance (delete, modify) system start-up parameters; File operation (e.g. dir, copy, del); Management of the command privilege; Install or remove HP A-series Security Appliance. 4) Review the audit trail; 5) View running status: Memory status, Packet statistics, Interface status, Current running image version, Current configuration, Routing table, Active sessions, Temperature, SNMP MIB statistics. 6) Configure the security appliance: Save configuration; Management of information center (start-up and shut down audit functions; setting logbuffer, setting logfile; setting log output destination delete of the audit trail.); Managing (create, modify, delete apply) the filtering rules; Management of firewall; Define network interfaces and settings; Set the protocols the security appliance will support (e.g. SFTP server, SSH server); enable interfaces and network services; Management of access control scheme (e.g. domain and RADIUS scheme). The “Fundamentals Configuration Guide” chapter of each product’s configuration document provides details of the commands that provide the services listed in Table 2. The “Fundamentals Configuration Guide” presents the corresponding web user interface. Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 17 , Total 28 5.3 Authentication Mechanisms support both role-based and identity-based authentication. HP A-Series Routers  Identity-based authentication Each user is authenticated upon initial access to the device. The authentication is identity-based. All users can be authenticated locally, and optionally supports authentication via a RADIUS and TACACS server. To logon to the appliances, an operator must connect to it through one of the management interfaces (console port, SSH, HTTPS) and provide a password.  Role-based authentication Each User can switch to a different user privilege level without logging out and terminating the current connection. To switch to a different privilege level, a user must provide the privilege level switching authentication information. The authentication is role-based. All users can be authenticated locally, and optionally supports authentication via a RADIUS and TACACS+ server. After the privilege level switching, users can continue to manage the device without relogging in, but the commands they can execute have changed. For example, with the user privilege level 3, a user can configure system parameters as crypto officer role. After switching to user privilege level 0, the user can execute only basic commands like ping and tracert and use a few display commands as user role. Operators must be authenticated using user names and passwords. The passwords must: 1) Be a minimum of six characters long, and the maximum password size is 63. 2) Be a combination of alphabetic and numeric characters. 3) Contain punctuation characters. 4) Contain lower and upper case characters. The probability of a false positive for a random password guess is less than 1 in 1,000,000. This is also valid for RADIUS or TACACS+ shared secret keys The users who try to log in or switch to a different user privilege level can be authenticated by RADIUS and TACACS+ Server. The device (RADIUS client) and the RADIUS server use a shared key to authenticate RADIUS packets and encrypt user Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 18 , Total 28 passwords exchanged between them. For more details, see RFC 2865: 3 Packet Format Authenticator field and 5.2 User-password 6 Approved Cryptographic Algorithms Table 3 lists the FIPS-Approved algorithms HP A-series routers provide. Table 3 FIPS-Approved Cryptography Algorithms Algorithm Application Certificate AES Encryption/decryption 1927 Triple-DES Encryption/decryption 1254 SHA SHA hashing 1692 HMAC SHA HMAC SHA for hashed message 1161 authentication RSA Signing and verifying 993 DSA Signing and verifying 611 X9.31 for Random number generation 1014 RNG 7 Non-approved Cryptographic Algorithms HP A-series routers provide additional cryptographic algorithms that are not FIPS Approved:  DES  RC4  MD5  MD5 HMAC  RSA (key wrapping; key establishment methodology provides 80 or 112 bits of encryption strength)  Diffie-Hellman (key agreement; key establishment methodology provides 80 or 112 bits of encryption strength) Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 19 , Total 28 8 Cryptographic Key Management The security appliances use a variety of Critical Security Parameters (CSP) during operation. Table 4 lists the CSP including cryptographic keys used by the HP A-series security routers. It summarizes generation, storage, and zeroization methods for the CSP. Table 4 Cryptographic Security Parameters Key/ Generation/ # Description Storage Zeroization CSP Name Algorithm Private Key-FLASH Identity certificates for the (cipher text/Triple- Private Key-Using CLI security appliance itself and DES) and RAM command to zeroize, then RSA also used in IPSec, TLS, (plain text) reboot. CSP1 public/private ANSI X9.31/RSA and SSH negotiations. The Public Key- Public Key - Using CLI keys security appliance supports FLASH(cipher command to zeroize, then 1024 ~ 2048 bit key sizes. text/Triple-DES)and reboot. RAM (plain text) Private Key-FLASH (cipher text/ Triple- Private Key-Using CLI Identity certificates for the DES) and RAM command to zeroize, then DSA security appliance itself and (plain text) reboot. CSP2 public/private ANSI X9.31/DSA also used in SSH Public Key- Public Key - Using CLI keys negotiations. FLASH(cipher text/ command to zeroize, then Triple-DES and RAM reboot. (plain text) Diffie-Hellman Key agreement for IKE, Resetting or rebooting the CSP3 ANSI X9.31 / DH RAM (plain text) Key Pairs TLS, and SSH sessions. security appliance. Delete public keys of peers FLASH(plain CSP4 Public keys DSA / RSA Public keys of peers from configuration, write to text)/RAM (plain text) startup config, then reboot Generated using the TLS protocol (X9.31PRNG + HMAC-SHA1 + TLS Traffic Resetting or rebooting the CSP5 either DH or Used in HTTPS connections RAM (plain text) Keys security appliance. RSA) Algorithm: Also Triple-DES & AES SSH Session ANSI X9.31 / Resetting or rebooting the CSP6 SSH keys RAM (plain text) Keys Triple-DES-AES security appliance Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 20 , Total 28 Key/ Generation/ # Description Storage Zeroization CSP Name Algorithm Exchanged using the IKE IPSec ANSI X9.31 / protocol and the public/ Resetting or rebooting the se CSP7 authentication Triple-DES-AES private key pairs. RAM (plain text) curity appliance keys / DH These are Triple-DES or AES keys. Exchanged using the IKE ANSI X9.31 / protocol and the public/ IPSec traffic Resetting or rebooting the CSP8 Triple-DES-AES private key pairs. RAM (plain text) keys security appliance / DH These are Triple-DES or AES keys. Triple-DES or AES Keys are IPSec Delete IPsec keys from manually configured for IPv6 FLASH(plain CSP9 authentication Triple-DES-AES configuration, write to startup routing protocol such as text)/RAM (plain text) keys config, then reboot OSPFv3, RIPng, IPv6 BGP. Triple-DES or AES Keys are Delete IPsec keys from IPSec traffic manually configured for IPv6 FLASH(plain CSP10 Triple-DES-AES configuration, write to startup keys routing protocol such as text)/RAM (plain text) config, then reboot OSPFv3, RIPng, IPv6 BGP. Deleting keys from the Entered by the Crypto- configuration via erase flash: IKE pre-shared Officer in plain text form and FLASH(plain text) CSP11 Shared Secret command (or replacing), keys used for authentication and RAM (plain text) write to startup config, then during IKE reboot. Generated using IKE IKE (X9.31+HMAC- Used to encrypt and Resetting or rebooting the CSP12 Authentication SHA1+DH). authenticate IKE RAM (plain text) security appliance key Algorithms: negotiations Triple-DES, AES, SHA-1 Generated using IKE (X9.31+HMAC- IKE Encryption Used to encrypt IKE Resetting or rebooting the CSP13 SHA1+DH). RAM (plain text) Key negotiations security appliance Algorithms: Triple-DES, AES, SHA-1 Used for authenticating the RADIUS server to the Deleting keys from the RADIUS security appliance and vice configuration via erase flash: FLASH (plain text) CSP14 shared secret Shared Secret versa. Entered by the command (or replacing), and RAM (plain text) keys Crypto-Officer in plain text write to startup config, then form and stored in plain text reboot. form. Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 21 , Total 28 Key/ Generation/ # Description Storage Zeroization CSP Name Algorithm Usernames/ Critical security parameters Overwriting the passwords Passwords/ used to authenticate the FLASH (plain text) CSP15 Secret with new ones, write to super administrator login or and RAM (plain text) startup config, then reboot. password privilege promoting. 1. Delete PKI domain from configuration via erase flash: Necessary to verify Certificates of command, write to startup certificates issued by the Certificate FLASH (plain text) config, then reboot. CSP16 ANSI X9.31 CA. Install the CA's 2. Use “pki delete- Authorities and RAM (plain text) certificate prior to installing (CAs) certificate”CLI command to subordinate certificates. delete certificates, then reboot PRNG Seed Zeroized with generation of CSP17 Entropy Seed key for X9.31 PRNG RAM (plain text) Key new seed 8.1 Access Control Policy Table 5, Table 6, and Table 7 list by role services accessing CSPs. Each table identifies the services that access each CSP along with the type of access allowed for the role(s). The types of access are: read (r), write (w), and delete (d). Table 5 CSP Access by Service for Visit and Monitor Roles Service View Network Security Access device functions management /CSP status CSP1 r r r CSP2 r r r CSP3 r r r CSP4 r r r CSP5 r r r CSP6 r r r CSP7 r r r CSP8 r r r CSP9 r r r CSP10 r r r CSP11 r r r CSP12 r r r Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 22 , Total 28 Service View Network Security Access device functions management /CSP status CSP13 r r r CSP14 r r r CSP14 r r r CSP16 r r r CSP17 r r r r = read, w = write, d = delete Table 6 Access by Service for Config Role Review Configure Service View View the the Network Security Access device running audit security functions management /CSP status status trail appliance CSP1 r r rwd r r r CSP2 r r rwd r r r CSP3 r r rwd r r r CSP4 r r rwd r r r CSP5 r r rwd r r r CSP6 r r rwd r r r CSP7 r r rwd r r r CSP8 r r rwd r r r CSP9 r r rwd r r r CSP10 r r rwd r r r CSP11 r r rwd r r r CSP12 r r rwd r r r CSP13 r r rwd r r r CSP14 r r r r r r CSP15 r r rwd r r r CSP16 r r rwd r r r CSP17 r r rwd r r r Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 23 , Total 28 Table 7 Access by Service for Manage Role Review Configure Service View View the the Network Security Access device running audit security functions management /CSP status status trail appliance CSP1 r r rwd r r r CSP2 r r rwd r r r CSP3 r r rwd r r r CSP4 r r rwd r r r CSP5 r r rwd r r r CSP6 r r rwd r r r CSP7 r r rwd r r r CSP8 r r rwd r r r CSP9 r r rwd r r r CSP10 r r rwd r r r CSP11 r r rwd r r r CSP12 r r rwd r r r CSP13 r r rwd r r r CSP14 r r rwd r r r CSP15 r r rwd r r r CSP16 r r rwd r r r CSP17 r r rwd r r r 9 Self-Tests HP A-series routers include an array of self-tests that are run during startup and during operations to prevent any secure data from being released and to insure all components are functioning correctly. 9.1 Power-On Self-Tests The routers perform all power-on self-tests automatically at boot when FIPS mode is enabled. All power-on self-tests must be passed before any role can perform services. The power-on Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 24 , Total 28 self-tests are performed prior to the initialization of the forwarding function, which prevents the security appliance from passing any data during a power-on self-test failure. Table 8 HP A-series Switch Power-On Self-Tests Implementation Tests Performed Security Appliance Software Software/firmware Test DSA KAT (signature/verification) RSA KAT (signature/verification) RSA KAT (encrypt/decrypt) AES KAT Triple-DES KAT SHA-1 KAT HMAC SHA-1 KAT PRNG KAT Security Appliance crypto engine DSA KAT (signature/verification) RSA KAT (signature/verification) RSA KAT (encrypt/decrypt) AES KAT Triple-DES KAT SHA-1 KAT HMAC SHA-1 KAT PRNG KAT 9.2 Conditional Self-Tests Table 9 lists the conditional self-tests implemented by the routers. Conditional self tests run when a router generates a DSA or RSA key pair and when it generates a random number. Table 9 HP A-series Switch Conditional Self-Tests Implementation Tests Performed Security Appliance Software Pairwise consistency test for RSA Pairwise consistency test for DSA Continuous Random Number Generator Test for the FIPS- approved RNG (X9.31) 10 Delivery and Operation 10.1 Secure Delivery To ensure no one has tampered with the goods during delivery, inspect the A-series router physical package and check as follows:  Outer Package Inspection 1) Check that the outer carton is in good condition. 2) Check the package for a HP Quality Seal or IPQC Seal, and ensure that it is intact. 3) Check that the IPQC seal on the plastic bag inside the carton is intact. 4) If any check failed, the goods shall be treated as dead-on-arrival (DOA) goods.  Packing List Verification Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 25 , Total 28 Check against the packing list for discrepancy in material type and quantity. If any discrepancy found, the goods shall be treated as DOA goods.  External Visual Inspection Inspect the cabinet or chassis for any defects, loose connections, damages, and illegible marks. If any surface defect or material shortage found, the goods shall be treated as DOA goods.  Confirm Software/firmware 1) Version verification To verify the software version, start the appliance, view the self test result during startup, and use the display version command to check that the software version is Comware software, Version 5.2, Release 1002(CC). ‘FIPS1402&CC’ indicate it is a FIPS 140-2 and CC certification version. If software loading failed or the version information is incorrect, please contact HP for support. 2) SHA-256 verification To verify that software/firmware has not been tampered, run SHA Hash command on the appliance. If the hash value is different from release notes of this software, contact HP for support. To get release notes, please access HP website.  DOA (Dead on Arrival) If the package is damaged, any label/seal is incorrect or tampered, stop unpacking the goods, retain the package, and report to HP for further investigation. The damaged goods will be replaced if necessary. 10.2 Secure Operation The rules for securely operating an HP A-series router in FIPS mode are: 1) Install and connect the device according to the installation and configuration guides. 2) Start the device, and enter the configuration interface. 3) Check and configure the clock. 4) By default, the device does not run in FIPS mode. Enable the device to work in FIPS mode using the fips mode enable command in system view. This will allow the router to internally enforce FIPS-compliance behavior, such as run power-up self-test and conditional self-test. 5) Delete all MD5-based digital certificates. 6) Delete the DSA key pairs that have a modulus length of less than 1024 bits and all RSA key pairs. 7) Set up username/password for crypto officer role and user role. Each password must comprise no less than 6 characters and must contain uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, and special characters. 8) Save the configurations and re-start the device. The device works in FIPS mode after restarting: 9) Configure the security appliance to use SSHv2. 10) Configure the security appliance to use HTTPS for performing system management. Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 26 , Total 28 An operator can determine whether a router is in FIPS mode with the command display fips status. When in FIPS mode:  The FTP/TFTP server is disabled.  The Telnet server is disabled.  The HTTP server is disabled.  SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c are disabled. Only SNMP v3 is available.  The SSL server only supports TLS1.0.  The SSH server does not support SSHv1 clients  Generated RSA/DSA key pairs have a modulus length from 1024 to 2048 bits.  SSH, SNMPv3, IPsec and SSL do not support DES, RC4, or MD5. 11 Physical Security Mechanism FIPS 140-2 Security Level 2 Physical Security requirements mandate that a cryptographic module have an opaque enclosure with tamper-evident seals for doors or removable covers. All A-series routers need both opacity shields and tamper-evident seals to meet the Physical Security requirements. The security labels recommended for FIPS 140-2 compliance are provided in the FIPS Kits: All units use the same label kits. Label Kit – Description Label Kit - Part Number HP 12mm x 60mm Tamper-Evidence (30) Labels JG585A HP 12mm x 60mm Tamper-Evidence (100) Labels JG586A The opacity kit for each product model is below: HP 6600 series Opacity Kit – Description Opacity kit – Part Number Unit HP 6602 Router Chassis HP 6602 Router Opacity Shield Kit JG575A HP 6604 Router Chassis HP 6604 Router Opacity Shield Kit JG578A HP 6608 Router Chassis HP 6608 Router Opacity Shield Kit JG577A HP 6616 Router Chassis HP 6616 Router Opacity Shield Kit JG576A HP 8800 series: Opacity Kit – Description Opacity kit – Part Number Unit HP 8805 Router Chassis HP 8805 Opacity Shield Kit JG570A HP 8808 Router Chassis HP 8808 Opacity Shield Kit JG571A HP 8812 Router Chassis HP 8812 Opacity Shield Kit JG572A These security labels are very fragile and cannot be removed without clear signs of damage to the labels. The tamper-evident seals and opacity shields shall be installed for the module to operate in a FIPS Approved mode of operation. Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 27 , Total 28 The Crypto Officer is responsible for properly placing all tamper evident labels on a router and is responsible for the securing and control of any unused seals and opacity shields. The Crypto Officer shall clean the module of any grease, dirt, or oil before applying the tamper-evident labels or opacity shields. The Crypto Officer is also responsible for the direct control and observation of any changes to the modules such as reconfigurations where the tamper-evident labels or opacity shields are removed or installed to ensure the security of the module is maintained during such changes and the module is returned to a FIPS approved state. Each modular router is entirely encased by a thick steel chassis. Modular routers have MPU slots, LPU slots, fan trays, power supplies, and covers. Use the procedure described in the install guide to apply tamper evident labels and opacity shields to the router. Any chassis slot that is not populated with a module must have a slot cover installed in order to operate in a FIPS compliant mode. The slot covers are included with each chassis, and additional slot covers may be ordered from HP. The Crypto Officer should inspect the tamper evident labels periodically to verify they are intact and the serial numbers on the applied tamper evident labels match the records in the security log. 12 Mitigation of Other Attacks The Security appliances do not claim to mitigate any attacks in a FIPS approved mode of operation. 13 Documentation References 13.1 Obtaining documentation You can access the HP Networking products page: http://h17007.www1.hp.com/us/en/ , where you can obtain the up-to-date documents of HP Routers and Switches, such as datasheet, installation manual, configuration guide, command reference, and so on. 13.2 Technical support For technical or sales releated question please refer to the contacts list on the HP website: http://www.HP.com. The actual support website is: http://www8.hp.com/us/en/support-drivers.html Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company, May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision] Page 28 , Total 28