Check Point IP Appliances (formerly Nokia VPN Appliances) FIPS 140-2 Cryptographic Module Security Policy Level 2 Validation Version 1.12 February 2011 © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. IP560 © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. IP390 IP560 Module Hardware Versions: IP390 and IP560 Firmware Version: IPSO v4.2 with Check Point VPN-1 NGX R65 with hot fix HFA-30 Table of Contents 1.1 PURPOSE.............................................................................................................. 5 1.2 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 5 2 CHECK POINT IP APPLIANCE................................................................................ 6 © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 2.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................ 6 2.2 CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODULE ..................................................................................... 7 2.3 MODULE INTERFACES........................................................................................... 10 2.4 ROLES AND SERVICES.......................................................................................... 12 2.4.1 Crypto Officer Role...................................................................................... 12 2.4.2 User Role .................................................................................................... 18 2.4.3 Authentication Mechanisms......................................................................... 18 2.5 ELECTROMECHANICAL INTERFERENCE/COMPATIBILITY (FCC COMPLIANCE) ............. 20 2.6 PHYSICAL SECURITY ............................................................................................ 20 2.7 OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 21 2.8 CRYPTOGRAPHIC KEY MANAGEMENT .................................................................... 21 2.8.1 Key Generation ........................................................................................... 28 2.8.2 Key Establishment....................................................................................... 28 2.8.3 Key Entry and Output .................................................................................. 28 2.8.4 Key Storage................................................................................................. 29 2.8.5 Key Zeroization ........................................................................................... 29 2.9 DESIGN ASSURANCE ............................................................................................ 31 2.10 MITIGATION OF OTHER ATTACKS........................................................................... 32 3 SECURE OPERATION (APPROVED MODE) ........................................................ 33 3.1 CRYPTO OFFICER GUIDANCE................................................................................ 33 3.1.1 Hardware Setup .......................................................................................... 33 3.1.2 Installing the Module Firmware.................................................................... 37 3.1.3 Initializing Check Point Modules.................................................................. 37 3.1.4 Setting the Module to FIPS Mode................................................................ 38 3.1.5 Initializing the Remote Management of the Module..................................... 38 3.1.6 Management and Monitoring....................................................................... 39 3.2 USER GUIDANCE ................................................................................................. 46 APPENDIX A – DISABLED MECHANISMS................................................................. 47 APPENDIX B – ALGORITHM VALIDATION CERTIFICATE NUMBERS .................... 48 APPENDIX C – ACRONYM DEFINITIONS ................................................................. 50 © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Introduction 1.1 Purpose This document is a nonproprietary Cryptographic Module Security Policy supporting the Check Point IP Appliance family that has been designed to meet the Reduction of Hazardous Material Standard (RoHS). This security policy describes the Check Point IP Appliance and describes how it meets the security requirements of FIPS 140-2. It also describes how to run the module in an Approved FIPS 140-2 mode of operation. This document was prepared as part of the FIPS 140-2 Level 2 validation of the module. The modules covered in this Security Policy are the IP390 and the IP560. These modules implement the IPSO 4.2 operating system and the Check Point VPN -1 NGX R65 with hot fix HFA 30 firmware. The Check Point IP Appliances are referenced collectively in this document as IP security platforms, security platforms, platforms, and the module(s). Specific differences between module hardware versions are pointed out where relevant. 1.2 References This document deals only with operations and capabilities of the module in the technical terms of a FIPS 140-2 cryptographic module security policy. The Check Point Web site (http://www.checkpoint.com/) contains information on the full line of products from Check Point. Additional information regarding the Check Point VPN-1 firmware that is used inside the Check Point IP Appliance can be found by referring to the Check Point VPN-1 FIPS 140-2 security policy, available at the following URL: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/documents/140- 1/140sp/140sp1219.pdf © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 2 CHECK POINT IP APPLIANCE 2.1 Overview The Check Point IP Appliances are IP security platforms designed to provide a secure, reliable, and manageable integrated security solution for secure Internet communication and access control for networks. The security platforms combine the security-hardened operating system, IPSO, with the market-leading Check Point VPN-1 firmware suite on a purpose- built security hardware platform. As network devices, the Check Point IP Appliances support a comprehensive suite of IP-routing functions and protocols, including RIPv1/RIPv2, IGRP, OSPF and BGP4 for unicast traffic and DVMRP for multicast traffic. Some highlighted security features of the Check Point IP Appliances are: Read/write and read-only access modes • Screening of all incoming communications to ensure authorized user access • SSH-secured remote management of the modules (IPSO) • SSHv2 supported • TLS-secured remote management of Check Point applications • Secure VPN between subsystems • Multiple layers of authentication required when accessing the remote management interface for IPSO The Check Point IP Appliances are rack mounted devices that are differentiated through their internal CPU processors and performance levels. The modules are designed to efficiently support real-world, mixed traffic solutions. As VPN platforms, all modules greatly accelerate the embedded Check Point VPN-1/FireWall-1 performance by using the Firewall Flows. VPN performance is enhanced through the use of internal hardware cryptographic acceleration. The following chart illustrates the performance differences of the modules covered by this Security Policy: Model CPU Type Firewall Speed VPN Speed (AES) 3.0 Gbps 500 Mbps IP390 Celeron M 6.0 Gbps 1.78 Gbps IP560 Xeon © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 2.2 Cryptographic Module The Check Point IP Appliances were tested as multi-chip standalone cryptographic modules. Each module’s metal enclosure physically encloses the complete set of hardware and firmware components, including excluded components, and represents the cryptographic boundary of each module. The IP560’s removable power-supply is outside the module, and the cryptographic boundary in that area is the bay the power supply is inserted into. The cryptographic module supports the following hardware versions: IP390 – full width 1U rack mount IP560 – full width 1U rack mount The Check Point IP Appliances run the proprietary, security-hardened IPSO operating system along with a binary image of the Check Point VPN-1 cryptographic firmware for VPN and firewall functionalities. The IP560 hardware chassis includes support for Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) upgrades for the fans and power supplies (replaced with identical components). The end user is allowed to perform FRU upgrades for the power supplies as these are outside the FIPS module boundary. The end user is not allowed to perform FRU upgrades for the fans as these are inside the module boundary. Fan FRU upgrades must be performed by the factory or a reseller prior to delivery of the module. The FRU fans are secured with tamper seals (see Section 3.1.1.1) for FIPS mode. The following hardware combination was used for the FIPS 140-2 validation testing covered by this Security Policy. Model Tested Configuration Part Number Type default without additional cards IP390 CPAP-IP395-D-GFIP system 2 blank pcm-faceplates (Nokia NBB0302000) N431174001 (12 pc) Tamper-evident seal kit FIPS KIT 1 4-port ethernet pcm card; IP560 CPAP-IP565-D-AC system 1 single-slot PCMCIA reader pcm (Nokia NBB0562000) card; 2 blank pcm-faceplates CPIP-A-4-1C 4port Ethernet CPIP-A-PCMCIA-CA PCMCIA card FIPS KIT N431174001 (12 pc) Tamper-evident seal kit Note: Alternative untested configurations were not validated and are not included in this certificate. The IPSO OS and the module’s physical hardware chassis and computing platform provide the operational environment upon which the Check Point VPN-1 application binary executes. The following firmware combination © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. was used for the FIPS 140-2 validation testing covered by this Security Policy: IPSO v4.2 with Check Point VPN-1 NGX R65 with hot fix HFA 30 The cryptographic modules implement a version of Check Point firmware that is certified with certificate number #1219. However, the IPSO operating system and IP Appliance hardware combination constitute different operational environments for the Check Point NGX R65 with hot fix 30 firmware; therefore the Check Point module binary image was packaged into each of the Check Point IP Appliance configurations and was retested as part of the complete Check Point IP Appliance FIPS 140- 2 solution. FIPS Algorithm validation testing was performed and validation certificates obtained for all Approved cryptographic functions implemented by the modules covering all hardware and firmware configurations listed in this document. This includes separate algorithm validations for algorithms implemented by IPSO, the Check Point VPN-1 firmware, and hardware accelerator chips. See Section 2.8 for a list of algorithms implemented. See Appendix B for a list of the Approved algorithm validation certificate numbers. The modules operate in both a non-Approved and Approved FIPS 140-2 mode of operation. Only approved cryptographic algorithms and security functions are allowed in the approved mode of operation. The modules are intended to meet overall FIPS 140-2 Level 2 requirements. The following table presents the individual FIPS 140-2 compliance areas and the Security Levels to which the modules were tested: FIPS 140-2 Level DTR Requirements Section Title Tested Section 1 Cryptographic Module Specification 2 2 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 2 3 Roles, Services, and Authentication 2 4 Finite State Model 2 5 Physical Security 2 6 Operational Environment N/A 7 Cryptographic Key Management 2 8 EMI/EMC 2 9 Self-tests 2 10 Design Assurance 3 11 Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A Table 1 – Intended Level Per FIPS 140-2 © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. The operational environment is not modifiable, as it does not allow the module operator to load code or applications that are not part of the FIPS 140-2 validation. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 2.3 Module Interfaces The security platforms provide a number of physical ports: IP390 IP560 10/100/1000 Ethernet Ports (standard) 4 0 Auxiliary Port (Disabled) 1 1 Console Port 1 1 I/O Option Slots (for adding 1000BaseT 2 4 or 1000 Mbps fiber Ethernet, V.35, or (validated configuration X.21 protocol options) is: 1 configured with a 4 port Ethernet card and 1 configured with a PCMCIA reader card) PCMCIA Slots (Not present in IP560; 2 N/A (built-in; 1 Disabled by IPSO in IP390) installed in an I/O card in validated configuration) Power Switch 1 1 Reset Switch 1 1 Power input 1 (where power cord 1 (the connector where the power supply plugs plugs in) into the chasse) Status LEDs Rear Power Indicator (no LED) 1 labeled 1 power LED built into toggle switch built into the removable fan and power supply power supply (The power supply also has 1 power supply fault and 1 power supply overtemp LED) These LEDs are outside the physical boundary of the module. Front Power Indicator (Logo illuminates) (Logo illuminates) Front Fault Indicator (see Table 3) 1 1 Ethernet Port status (green indicates 4 depends on number of connection, yellow blinking indicates I/O option cards data being transmitted) installed (1 LED per installed Ethernet port) Table 2 – FIPS 140-2 Physical Ports © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Table 3 –Descriptions of the Fault Status The physical ports are separated into logical interfaces defined by FIPS 140-2, as described in Table 4. Module Physical Port FIPS 140-2 Logical Interface Network ports Data input interface Network ports Data output interface Network ports, console port, Control input interface power switch, reset switch Network ports, console port, Status output interface LEDs Power plug, Power switch Power interface Table 4 – FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces Data input and output, control input, and status output are defined as follows: • Data input and output are the packets that use the firewall, VPN, and routing functionalities of the modules. • Control input consists of manual control inputs for power and reset through the power and reset switch. It also consists of all of the data that is entered into the module while using the management interfaces. • Status output consists of the status indicators displayed through the LEDs and the status data that is output from the modules while using the management interfaces. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. The modules distinguish between different forms of data, control, and status traffic over the network ports by analyzing the packets header information and contents. 2.4 Roles and Services The modules support role-based authentication. The two roles in the modules (as required by FIPS 140-2) that operators can assume are: a Crypto Officer role and a User role. 2.4.1 Crypto Officer Role The Crypto Officer role can configure, manage, and monitor the module. Three management interfaces can be used for this purpose: • CLI – the Crypto Officer can use the CLI to configure and monitor IPSO systems. There are two ways to access the Crypto Officer role through the CLI. Access can be provided for the Crypto Officer locally by using the console port or remotely by using the SSH secured management session. • SNMP – the Crypto Officer can use SNMPv3 to view MIB values. • SmartDashBoard – the Check Point TLS-secured management interface. The Crypto Officer can use this interface after the initial configuration of the Check Point module through the CLI. The TLS client RSA public key is used for authentication during TLS session establishment. • The Crypto Officer can zeroize the module. • The Crypto Officer can configure alternating bypass. • Loading non-tested or non-approved code prior to invoking FIPS mode will invalidate the module. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 1 – Easy to Use Check Point Management Tools Descriptions of the services available to the Crypto Officer role are provided in Table 5. Service Description Input Output Critical Security Parameter (CSP) Access Startup Provide network connectivity and set Commands Status of Admin password configuration a password for the admin account and commands (read/write access) configuration and data(via local configuration console) data Firmware loading Provide for the loading of firmware Commands Status of Admin password and commands (read/write access) (Disabled in FIPS configuration and mode) data(via local configuration console) data (Enabled when not in FIPS mode) Power-up tests Ability to run the integrity tests Reboot of the Status of self module tests and successful boot SSH Provide authenticated and encrypted SSH key SSH outputs RSA or DSA host key sessions while using the CLI agreement and data pair (read access); (SSHv2) RSA or DSA parameters, authorized key (read SSH inputs, access); Diffie- and data Hellman key pair for SSHv2 key exchange © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Service Description Input Output Critical Security Parameter (CSP) Access (read/write access); session key for SSH (read/write access); X9.31 PRNG keys (read access) TLS Provide authenticated and encrypted TLS TLS outputs RSA key pair for TLS sessions while using the Check Point handshake and data key transport (read management interface parameters, access); session TLS inputs, keys for TLS and data (read/write access); X9.31 PRNG keys (read access) Boot manager Control the boot-up process and Commands Status of Password (read/write commands obtain system information and commands access) configuration and configur- data ation data SNMPv3 Get View MIB values Commands Status of Password (read commands commands; access) configuration The password itself is data read-write while the v3 service is read access Interface Configure, manage, and view Commands Status of None commands physical and logical interfaces and commands through the CLI: view all interfaces; configuration and delete any logical interface; view data configuration IPsec VPN tunnels; view status and data statistics; configure ARP behavior, physical and logical ATM interfaces, physical and logical Ethernet interfaces, physical and logical FDDI interfaces, physical and logical ISDN interfaces, physical or logical loopback interfaces, and physical and logical serial interfaces Routing Configure, manage, and view the Commands Status of None commands routing protocols through the CLI: and commands configure, manage, and view BGB configuration and BGP, OSPF, RIP, IGRP, IGMP, PIM, data configuration route aggregation, BOOTP, DVMRP, data static routes,, ICMP router discovery, IP broadcast helper, Network Time Protocol, and dial on demand routing; configure a variety of miscellaneous options that affect routing; configure trace routing settings; view summary information about routes on the system; view general information that the IPSO routing daemon records; © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Service Description Input Output Critical Security Parameter (CSP) Access view information about multicast forwarding cache Network Security Configure, manage, and view the Commands Status of Admin, monitor, user and Access security and access features through and commands passwords; shared commands the CLI: configure and view network configuration and secret for RADIUS; access; add firmware licenses to the data configuration shared secret for platform; configure Authentication, data TACPLUS; SSH host Authorization, and Accounting (AAA); keys; SSH authorized enable and disable and configure keys; Read/write SSH services; add and delete new access for all CSPs system users; create and delete groups, and add and remove members; enable and disable a VPN accelerator card; display VPN accelerator status or statistics Traffic Configure, manage, and view traffic Commands Status of None management management functionality through and commands commands the CLI: configure an access list to configuration and control the traffic from one or more data configuration interfaces; create or delete existing data aggregation classes and modify the mean rate or burst size; configure depth of queues, assign logical names to some of the queues, and set up a queue specifier; add, delete, or show ATM QoS descriptors; add, delete, or show association of ATM QoS descriptors with ATM VCs; show available or reserved bandwidth on an ATM interface; enable and disable DSCP to VLAN mapping System Configure, manage, and view system Commands Status of None configuration configuration settings through the and commands commands CLI: view the platform configuration; configuration and configure the system to perform data configuration regularly scheduled backups (manual data backups not allowed in FIPS mode); schedule regular jobs; configure system failure; configure domain name and domain name servers; configure static host names for particular IP addresses; configure host name of platform; manage IPSO images; manage configuration sets; manage relay configuration; configure network system logging; configure the date and time; view date and time settings; view the disks that IPSO detects on local system; © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Service Description Input Output Critical Security Parameter (CSP) Access specify other systems as network time protocol servers or peers; display information about packages installed on the local system SNMP commands Configure, manage, and view SNMP Commands Status of Password (read/write settings through the CLI; configure and commands access) SNMP parameters; enable and configuration and disable SNMP; add users who are data configuration authorized to use SNMPv3; show data SNMP implementation commands; show SNMPv3 user commands IPv6 commands Configure, manage, and view IPv6 Commands Status of None settings through the CLI: show a and commands (the use of IPv6 summary of IPv6 configuration; configuration and tunneling* is associate and disassociate an IPv6 data configuration independent of address with a logical interface, data encryption. The IKE anycast address, or IPv6 address service handles any family; map an IPv6 address to a encryption for a physical machine address route) recognized in the local network; create IPsec VPN tunnels by using *encapsulating IPv6 packets into IPv4 specific encapsulation schemes; packets for configure and delete an IPv6 transmission across interface to IPv4 interface; create, networks that are not enable, or disable an IPv6 interface IPv6 aware attached to an IPv4 network that does not have IPv6 native support; configure IPv6 routing; add and delete logical IPv6 hosts; enable and disable network access and view current status of network access Monitoring Configure, manage, and view Commands Status of None commands monitoring settings through the CLI: and commands, configure CPU utilization reports, configuration configuration memory utilization reports, interface data data, and linkstate reports, rate shaping status bandwidth reports, interface information throughput reports by turning data collection on or off and setting the data collection time interval; display interface settings, system logs, system statistics, interface monitor, resource statistics, forwarding table, system status information © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Service Description Input Output Critical Security Parameter (CSP) Access Check Point’s CLI Initial configuration of the Check Command Status of One-time SIC commands Point firmware: install licenses, (cpconfig), commands password (read/write configure the SNMP daemon, modify menu options, and menu access) the list of UNIX groups authorized to and options and run VPN-1 services, register a configuration status cryptographic token, configure the information information one-time SIC password, and specify (configuration whether the VPN-1 services should information) automatically start at boot time Check Point Create and configure users and user Commands Status of None SmartDashBoard groups: define users and user and commands services groups; create permission for configuration and individual users or a whole group of data (policy configuration users; set permissions such as files) data (policy access hours, user priority, files) authentication mechanisms, protocols allowed, filters applied, and types of encryption Define and implement security Commands Status of None policies: configure and install security and commands policies that are applied to the configuration and network and users. These policies data (policy configuration contain a set of rules that govern the files) data (policy communications flowing into and out files) of the module, and provide the Crypto Officer with a means to control the types of traffic permitted to flow through the module. Management of keys: configure the Commands Status of RSA key pair for IKE digital certificates and/or pre-shared and commands (read/write access); keys for use by IKE for authentication configuration and pre-shared keys for data (policy configuration IKE (read/write files) data (policy access) files) Zeroization of keys: overwrite or Commands Status of All CSPs (write delete the secret and private keys and commands access) used by the module configuration and data (policy configuration files) data (policy files) Initialization of Secure Internal Commands Status of RSA key pair for TLS Communication (SIC): establish trust and commands (read/write access) between management server and the configuration module to allow configuration of the data (SIC module’s services policy) Monitoring: provides detailed Commands Status of None information for both monitoring of commands © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Service Description Input Output Critical Security Parameter (CSP) Access connection activities and the system and status status information (logs) Table 5 – Crypto Officer Services, Descriptions, Inputs, and Outputs 2.4.2 User Role The User role accesses the module IPSec and IKE services. Service descriptions, inputs, and outputs are listed in Table . Service Description Input Output CSP IKE Access the module IKE IKE inputs and data IKE outputs, RSA key pair for functionality to status, and data IKE (read authenticate to the access); Diffie- module and negotiate IKE Hellman key and IPSec session keys pair for IKE (read/write access); pre- shared keys for IKE (read access) IPSec Access the module’s IPSec inputs, IPSec outputs, Session keys for IPSec services in commands, and status, and data IPSec order to secure data (read/write network traffic access) Table 6 – User Services, Descriptions, Inputs and Outputs 2.4.3 Authentication Mechanisms The modules implement password-based authentication (console and SSH), RSA-based authentication (TLS, IKE and SSH), DSA-based authentication (SSH). HMAC SHA-1 is used for data packet integrity during authentication functions (IKE with pre-shared keys). 2.4.3.1 Crypto Officer Authentication The Crypto Officer must successfully authenticate before a management interface can be accessed. The authentication methods are described below. • CLI (local) – the Crypto Officer must authenticate by using user ID and password. The password must be at least six characters long. Numeric, alphabetic (upper and lowercase), and keyboard and extended characters can be used. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. The local interface is also used to establish the keys necessary for authentication when using the two alternate methods of communication to perform. Before the alternate methods can be used key pairs are generated outside the module and then the public key is loaded by the Crypto Officer after local authentication. The SSH session requires that the client Diffie-Hellman public key is loaded into the module. For TLS the client RSA public key is loaded. • CLI (remote) – for this authentication method, an RSA or DSA key pair is first generated at the client. The Authorized RSA or DSA public key associated with the key pair is then output from the client to be entered into the module. Before starting an SSH session, the Crypto Officer must login to the module locally at initialization through the console CLI and enter the Authorized RSA or DSA public key generated at the client. The Crypto Officer can now successfully authenticate during the SSH session establishment using the private key. Once a session is established, the Crypto Officer can also be asked to authenticate again by using the user ID and password before the management interface can finally be accessed. • SNMP – the Crypto Officer must authenticate by using the user ID and password. It is the same password used to access the CLI. The only restriction is that the password must be at least eight characters long. • SmartDashBoard (Check Point Management Station) – A TLS session is established between the Check Point management station and the VPN Appliance, the Crypto Officer must authenticate with his private key against his pre-loaded digital certificate issued by a trusted Certification Authority (CA). A TLS RSA key pair is used for authentication during TLS session establishment. 2.4.3.2 User Authentication User authentication to the module is performed during IKE using digital certificates or pre-shared secret keys. The pre-shared keys must be at least six characters long and use at least four different characters. 2.4.3.3 Estimated Strength of the Authentication Mechanisms The estimated strength of each authentication mechanism implemented by the module is described in Table 7. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Authentication One-Time Strength Multiple Attempts Type Strength DSA-based DSA signing and verification is used to authenticate 1500 attempts per minute authentication the module during SSHv2. This mechanism is as possible, resulting in a less (SSHv2) strong as the DSA algorithm using a 1024 bit key than 1 in 8.05*10^20 pair and provides 80 bits of equivalent security. chance per minute RSA-based RSA encryption and decryption is used to 1500 attempts per minute authentication (SSHv2 authenticate the module during SSHv2, and the TLS possible, resulting in a less and TLS handshake) handshake. TLS supports using a key pair of either than 1 in 8.05*10^20 1024, 2048 and 4096 bit, SSHv2 supports a key pair chance per minute of 1024 bits. Using a 1024 bit key pair provides 80 bits of equivalent security. RSA-based RSA signing and verification is used to authenticate Less than 2 attempts per authentication (IKE) to the module during IKE. This mechanism is as minute possible, resulting strong as the RSA algorithm using a key pair of in a less than 1 in 1024, 2048 and 4096 bits. Using a 1024 bit key pair 6.04*10^23 chance per provides 80 bits of equivalent security. minute Pre-shared key-based Pre-shared keys must be at least six characters long Less than 2 attempts per authentication (IKE) and use at least four different characters. Even if minute possible, resulting only uppercase letters were used without repetition in a less than 1 in for a six character pre-shared key, the probability of 82,882,800 chance per randomly guessing the correct sequence is one in minute 165,765,600. HMAC SHA-1 verification is used for additional data packet integrity during IKE negotiations with pre-shared keys. Password-based Passwords are required to be between 6 and 128 Less than 36 attempts per authentication characters long (SNMPv3 requires at least eight minute possible, resulting characters). Numeric, alphabetic (upper and in a less than 1 in lowercase), and keyboard and extended characters 8,580,993 chance per can be used, which gives a total of 95 characters to minute choose from. Considering only the minimum password length with a case-insensitive alphabet using a password with repetition, the number of potential passwords is 26^6. Table 7 – Estimated Strength of Authentication Mechanisms 2.5 Electromechanical Interference/Compatibility (FCC Compliance) Each module hardware configuration was tested and found compliant with requirements for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules and thus the FIPS 140-2 Level 2 EMI/EMC requirements. 2.6 Physical Security The Check Point IP Appliances are multi-chip, standalone cryptographic modules. The modules are entirely contained within their respective hard metal enclosure. The enclosures are resistant to probing and are opaque within the visible spectrum. The FIPS hardware configuration(s) of the module include factory-installed lance baffle inserts to protect the front and © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. side vent holes of all enclosures from direct viewing or probing of the module’s interior components. Rear vent holes are likewise obscured by internal fan or power supply components. Serially numbered tamper-evident seals provide additional protection to those parts of the module chassis that can be opened or disassembled. The seals provide indications of attempts to tamper with the modules. The tamper-evident seals are affixed to the module by the Crypto Officer in numbers and locations that vary depending on the module hardware version. Specific quantities and locations are described in Section 3.1 “Crypto Officer Guidance” of this document. After applying the tamper-evident seals the customer must maintain physical security by inspecting labels & enclosure for signs of tampering according to a predefined inspection schedule. It is recommended that this inspection be performed at least once per month. The FIPS approved state is only maintained as long as the Tamper Evident seals are maintained. 2.7 Operational Environment The FIPS 140-2 operational environment requirements do not apply to these modules. The Check Point IP Appliances do not provide a general- purpose operating system nor do they provide a mechanism to load software. The module operator interacts with the module through customized interfaces that provide only specific command options. 2.8 Cryptographic Key Management Cryptographic algorithms are implemented in firmware by IPSO and Check Point VPN-1 and in hardware by the encryption accelerators. The IPSO operating system provides the capability to use SSHv2 to secure the remote CLI management sessions. The implemented FIPS- approved algorithms include RSA and DSA (SSHv2) for authentication, Triple-DES for data encryption, SHA-1 for data hashing, and HMAC SHA- 1 for data packet integrity. Key establishment is performed by using the Diffie-Hellman key agreement for SSHv2. Check Point provides the capability to use TLSv1 to secure management sessions. The implemented FIPS-approved algorithms include RSA for authentication; Triple-DES, and AES for data encryption; SHA-1 for data hashing; and HMAC SHA-1 for data packet integrity. Key establishment is performed by using RSA key wrapping. The embedded Check Point application supports IPSec/ESP for data encryption and IPSec/AH for data integrity. The Check Point module implements all IKE modes: main, © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. aggressive, and quick, using ISAKMP according to the standard. IKE uses RSA signatures or pre-shared keys for authentication. Key establishment in IKE is performed by using the Diffie-Hellman key agreement technique. Enhanced VPN performance is achieved by accelerating DES, AES, Triple-DES1, and Diffie-Hellman modular exponentiation processing implemented by the Check Point firmware. Hardware acceleration is accomplished either by hard-wired accelerator chips or by optional version-specific internal accelerator cards that are installed by the factory or reseller prior to delivery to the end-user. The IP390 has an onboard accelerator chip and the IP560 uses an accelerator card. Accelerated DES and Triple-DES Keying Option 3 is non-compliant (Keying Option 3 uses one key 3 times). Only the FIPS approved Triple-DES and AES encryption algorithms shall be used. Accelerator chips differ only in performance. The module operating system automatically senses the accelerator chip at power on and performs power on self tests on all the functions provided by the appropriate accelerator chip as well as self-tests for all firmware-based cryptographic functions. To summarize, the modules implement the following FIPS-approved and non FIPS-approved algorithms (see Appendix B – Algorithm Validation Certificate Numbers for the algorithm certificate numbers of the validated FIPS-approved algorithms): Non FIPS-Approved Data encryption: • Data Encryption Standard (DES) in CBC mode (56 bit keys) – according to NIST FIPS PUB 46-3 (withdrawn). • Triple DES (TDES), Keying Option 3 (K3 mode): Triple-DES Keying Option 3 is non-compliant (Keying Option 3 uses one key 3 times) – according NIST FIPS PUB 46-3 (withdrawn) and NIST Special Publication 800-67. • CAST - Disabled • DES (40 bits) - Disabled 1 DES and Keying Option 3 (K3 mode) are non-compliant. Only the FIPS approved Triple-DES and AES encryption algorithms should be used to remain in the FIPS Approved mode. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. • Arcfour - Disabled • Twofish - Disabled • Blowfish - Disabled Data packet integrity: • HMAC MD5 - Disabled Data hashing: • MD5 - Disabled Digital signatures: • DSA (Public key sizes under 1024-bits, private key sizes under 160-bits) Digital signatures and Key transport: • RSA (Key sizes under 1024-bits) Key agreement / Key establishment: • Diffie-Hellman (Public key sizes under 1024-bits, private key sizes under 160-bits) Pseudo-Random Number Generation: This module implements the following non-Approved PRNGs, which are not used for cryptographic purposes. These two PRNGs are used by the underlying operating system and have been excluded from the testing requirements as they are non-security relevant: • ARC4-based PRNG (used to create “unpredictable” sequence numbers) • Simple Linear Congruential PRNG (used for random head/tail packet discard and salt generation) FIPS-Approved Data encryption: © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in CBC mode (128 or 256 bit keys) – according to NIST FIPS PUB 197. • Triple DES (TDES) in CBC modes (168 bit keys) – according NIST FIPS PUB 46-3 (withdrawn) and NIST Special Publication 800-67. Only the FIPS-approved Triple DES and AES encryption algorithms are to be used in FIPS mode. DES and Triple DES keying option 3 are not FIPS- approved algorithms and should not be used in FIPS mode. Data packet integrity: • HMAC-SHA-1 (20 byte) – per NIST FIPS PUB 198, RFC 2104 (HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication), and RFC 2404 (using HMAC-SHA-1-96 within ESP and AH). Data hashing: • Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-1) – according to NIST FIPS PUB 180-1 Digital signature: • Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) – according to NIST FIPS PUB 186-2 with Change Notice 1 Digital signatures and Key transport: • RSA – all digital signature implementations are according to PKCS #1 The RSA key wrapping methodologies provide the following encryption strengths during key transport: TLS: provides 80 – 150 bits of encryption strength. Only methodologies providing a minimum of 80 bits of encryption strength are allowed in FIPS mode. Encryption strength is determined in accordance with FIPS 140-2 Implementation Guidance 7.5 and NIST Special Publication 800-57 (Part 1). Key agreement / Key establishment: • The Diffie-Hellman key agreement key establishment methodology used by the different firmware implementations © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. present in the module (used for IKE and SSHv2) provides the following encryption strengths: o IPSO: Only DH Groups 2 through 14 shall be used be used to provide between 80 and 112 bits of encryption strength. o Check Point VPN-1 NGX R65 with hot fix HFA 30: In FIPS mode the Diffie-Hellman key agreement methodology implemented by the module (used by IKE) provides between 80 and 128 bits of encryption strength (DH Groups 2 through 18 shall be used). Check Point recommends only DH Groups 14 to 18 should be used, providing between 112 and 128 bits of encryption strength. Only methodologies providing a minimum of 80 bits of encryption strength are allowed in FIPS mode. Encryption strength is determined in accordance with FIPS 140-2 Implementation Guidance 7.5 and NIST Special Publication 800-57 (Part 1). Pseudo-Random Number Generation: • ANSI X9.31 PRNG The module implements the following protocols permitted for use in a FIPS-approved mode of operation: Session security: • SSHv2 (configured to use FIPS-approved algorithms) • TLS v1.0 (configured to use FIPS-approved algorithms) according to RFC 2246 • IPSec (configured to use FIPS-approved algorithms) The module supports the following critical security parameters (Table 8): CSPs CSPs type Generation Storage Use Host RSA v2 key 512-, 640-, 768- Internal – using Stored in plaintext SSH server pair (default), 864-, X9.31 PRNG on disk authentication (via IPSO) 1024-bit private (SSHv2) [See footnote 1 and public key pair below table.] © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. CSPs CSPs type Generation Storage Use Host DSA key pair 160-bit DSA Internal – using Stored in plaintext SSH server (via IPSO) private key and X9.31 PRNG on disk authentication to 1024-bit DSA client (SSHv2) public key Authorized RSA v2 1024-bit RSA External Stored in plaintext Client key public key on disk authentication to (via IPSO) SSH server (SSH v2) Authorized DSA 1024-bit DSA External Stored in plaintext Client key public key on disk authentication to SSH server (via IPSO) (SSHv2) TLS RSA key pair 1024, 2048, or External Stored in plaintext TLS server 4096-bit RSA on disk authentication and (via Check Point private and public key transport VPN-1) key pair during TLS handshake TLS client RSA 1024, 2048, or External Stored in plaintext Client public key 4096-bit RSA on disk authentication (via Check Point public key during TLS VPN-1) handshake IKE RSA key pair 1024, 2048, or External Stored in plaintext Server (via Check Point 4096-bit RSA on disk authentication VPN-1) private and public during IKE key pair IKE client RSA 1024, 2048, or External Stored in plaintext Client public key 4096-bit RSA on disk authentication (via Check Point public key during IKE VPN-1) Pre-shared keys 6-character pre- External Stored in plaintext Client and server (passwords) shared key on disk authentication (via Check Point during IKE VPN-1) IKE Diffie-Hellman Diffie-Hellman External Stored in plaintext Key agreement key pair (160 to 256-bit) in memory during IKE (via Check Point private/(1024 to VPN-1) 8192 bit) public [See footnote 2 key pair below table.] Less than 1024-bit public is non- Approved IKE client Diffie- Diffie-Hellman External Stored in plaintext Key agreement Hellman public key 1024 to 8192-bit in memory during IKE (via Check Point public key VPN-1) [See footnote 2 Less than 1024-bit below table.] public is non- Approved © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. CSPs CSPs type Generation Storage Use SSHv2 Diffie- Diffie-Hellman Internal – using Stored in plaintext Key agreement Hellman key pair (320 to 384-bit) X9.31 PRNG in memory during SSHv2 (via IPSO) private/(1024 to [See footnote 2 2048-bit) public below table.] key pair Less than 1024-bit public is non- Approved SSHv2 client Diffie-Hellman External Stored in plaintext Key agreement Diffie-Hellman 1024 to 2048-bit in memory during SSHv2 public key public key (via IPSO) [See footnote 2 Less than 1024-bit below table.] is non-Approved SSH session keys 168-bit Triple-DES Established during Stored in plaintext Secure SSH traffic (via IPSO) keys; HMAC SHA- the SSH key in memory 1 keys exchange using Diffie-Hellman key agreement (SSHv2) TLS session keys 56-bit DES or 168- Established during Cached to disk Secure TLS traffic (via Check Point bit Triple-DES the TLS VPN-1) keys; HMAC SHA- handshake using [See footnote 3 1 key RSA key transport below table.] IPSec session 56-bit DES, 128-bit Established during Stored in plaintext Secure IPSec keys Triple-DES, or the Diffie-Hellman in memory traffic (via Check Point 128-, 256-bit AES key agreement VPN-1) keys; HMAC SHA- [See footnote 3 1 key below table.] IPSO X9.31 PRNG 128-bit Triple-DES Internal from Stored in plaintext IPSO pseudo- keys keys random entropy in memory random number pool generator for RSA, (via IPSO) DSA, and Diffie- Hellman keys IPSO X9.31 PRNG 64-bit seed values Internal – by Stored in plaintext IPSO pseudo- seed values gathering entropy in memory random number (via IPSO) generator input Check Point X9.31 128-bit Triple-DES Internal – by Stored in plaintext Check Point PRNG keys keys gathering entropy in memory, but pseudo-random (via Check Point entropy used to number generator VPN-1) generate keys is for Diffie-Hellman cached to disk keys Check Point X9.31 64-bit seed values Internal from Stored in plaintext Check Point PRNG seed random entropy in memory pseudo-random values pool number generator (via Check Point input VPN-1) © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. CSPs CSPs type Generation Storage Use Passwords Six-character External Stored in plaintext Authentication for password on disk accessing the (via IPSO) (SNMPv3 requires management at least eight interfaces (CLI and characters) SNMPv3); boot manager authentication; RADIUS authentication; TACPLUS authentication Table 8 – Listing CSPs for the Module Footnote: 1. Only 1024-bit keys, or higher, should be used for RSA in FIPS mode. 1024-bit RSA keys provide 80-bit equivalent security as calculated by IG7.5. 2. When in FIPS mode only Diffie-Hellman Group 2 through 18 shall be used. This provides between of 80 and 128 bits of encryption strength as calculated by IG7.5. Check Point recommends only DH Groups 14 to 18 should be used, providing between 112 and 128 bits of encryption strength. 3. DES must not be used in FIPS mode. 2.8.1 Key Generation The only keys that can be generated by the modules are RSA public and private keys and DSA public and private keys for SSHv2. A FIPS- approved X9.31 PRNG is used to generate these keys (two approved X.31 PRNGs are included in the module). 2.8.2 Key Establishment The modules implement IKE, SSH, and the TLS handshake for automatic key establishment. Two types of key establishment techniques are employed by the modules: the Diffie-Hellman key agreement and the RSA key wrapping. The Diffie-Hellman key agreement establishes shared secrets during SSHv2 and IKE. The RSA key wrapping/key transport generates shared secrets during TLS. 2.8.3 Key Entry and Output All private and secret keys entered into the module are electronically entered and encrypted during RSA key transport or during a Diffie- Hellman key agreement using derived Triple-DES session keys. No private or secret keys are output from the module. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 2.8.4 Key Storage All RSA and DSA keys, pre-shared keys, and passwords are stored in plaintext on disk. The TLS session keys and the gathered entropy for the Check Point PRNG keys are cached to disk. All other keys are ephemeral keys and are stored in plaintext in memory. 2.8.5 Key Zeroization Ephemeral keys can be zeroized by rebooting. All other keys can be zeroized by overwriting or deleting them by the Crypto Officer. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Self-Tests The modules perform a set of self-tests to ensure proper operation in compliance with FIPS 140-2. These self-tests are run during power-up (power-up self-tests) or when certain conditions are met (conditional self- tests). Self tests are performed by both IPSO and the Check Point VPN-1 firmware components as appropriate. IPSO also implements self tests on the algorithms provided by the hardware encryption accelerator chips. All module versions were functionally tested during FIPS 140-2 conformance testing. Power-up Self-tests: • Integrity tests: the modules use a CRC-32 to check the integrity of its various firmware components, including verifying the integrity of the Check Point VPN-1 binary code. • Cryptographic algorithm tests: o AES-CBC KAT o DES-CBC KAT o Triple-DES-CBC KAT o ANSI X9.31 PRNG KAT o RSA sign/verify and encrypt/decrypt KAT o DSA sign/verify pair-wise consistency test o SHA-1 KAT o HMAC SHA-1 KAT • Policy file integrity test (bypass mode test): the module performs a SHA-1 check value verification to ensure that the policy files are not modified. Conditional Self-tests: • RSA pair-wise consistency test: this test is performed when RSA keys are generated for SSHv2. • DSA pair-wise consistency test: this test is performed when DSA keys are generated for SSHv2. • Continuous random number generator tests: these tests are constantly run to detect failure of the random number generators of the module. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. • Policy file integrity test (bypass mode test): the module performs a SHA-1 check value verification to ensure that the policy files are not modified. Self Test Error Handling • If the integrity tests fail, the module enters the bootloader error state and reboots. If the IPSO kernel modules cryptographic algorithm tests fail, the module enters the kernel panic error state and reboots. If the Check Point kernel module cryptographic algorithm tests fail, the module enters the kernel panic error state and must be rebooted by the Crypto Officer to clear the error. • If the IPSO conditional self-tests fail, the module enters the error state and reboots. If the Check Point continuous RNG test fails, the module enters the error state and reboots. All other self-test errors cause the module to enter the error state, where all cryptographic services and data output for the problem service is halted until the error state is cleared. Restarting the module or the failed service can clear the error state. All errors are logged and produce error indicators. 2.9 Design Assurance Check Point uses a hybrid configuration management system for its products and documentation management needs. Both CVS and Rational® ClearCase® are used for configuration management of product source code releases. These software applications provide access control, versioning, and logging capabilities for tracking the components included in the various Check Point products. Manual configuration management controls are utilized for the associated product documentation. A formal process has been implemented whereby a log is kept of all product documentation and updates. Product documentation releases are tied to versions of the cryptographic module and source code build releases through this log. Subversion is used to provide configuration management and archival for the module’s FIPS 140-2 documentation. This document database application provides access control, versioning, and logging for documents created in support of FIPS 140-2 validation testing efforts. The Check Point IP module hardware data, which includes descriptions, parts data, part types, bills of materials, manufacturers, changes, history, and hardware documentation are managed and recorded using Agile Workplace. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Additionally, Microsoft Visual Source Safe (VSS) version 6.0 and Microsoft SharePoint was used to provide configuration management for the module’s FIPS documentation. These document management utilities provide access control, versioning, and logging. The Crypto module is implemented in a high level language. 2.10 Mitigation of Other Attacks The modules do not employ security mechanisms to mitigate specific attacks. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 3 SECURE OPERATION (APPROVED MODE) The Check Point IP Appliances meet Level 2 requirements for FIPS 140-2. The following subsections describe how to place and keep the module in FIPS-approved mode of operation. The Crypto Officer must ensure that the module is kept in a FIPS-approved mode of operation. The procedures are described in “Crypto Officer Guidance”. The tamper evident seals shall be installed, as specified in 3.1.1.1, for the module to operate in a FIPS Approved mode of operation. The User can use the module after the Crypto Officer changes the mode of operation to FIPS-Approved. The secure operation for the User is described in Section 3.2, “User Guidance”. 3.1 Crypto Officer Guidance The secure operation procedures include the initial setup, configuring the Check Point module in a FIPS compliant manner, and keeping the module in a FIPS-approved mode of operation. These procedures are described in the following sections. To determine if the module is in the alternating bypass state, the crypto officer can examine the VPN rule table. If at least one connection is configured without encryption then the module is in the alternating bypass state. If all connections are configured with encryption the module is not in the alternating bypass state. 3.1.1 Hardware Setup The Crypto Officer receives the module in a carton. Within the carton the module is placed inside a sealed ESD bag to show tamper evidence during delivery; two foam end caps are placed on both sides of the chassis, protecting the module during shipping. The Crypto Officer should examine the carton and the ESD bag for evidence of tampering. Tamper- evidence includes tears, scratches, and other irregularities in the packaging. Since the module does not enforce an access control mechanism before it is initialized, the Crypto Officer must maintain control of the module at all times until the initial setup is complete. Before turning on the module, the Crypto Officer must ensure that the module meets Level 2 physical security requirements. To satisfy these requirements, the Crypto Officer must install the tamper-evident seals (also called “FIPS Tape”) provided in the module’s FIPS kit. Three (3) seals should be applied to the IP390 and two (2) to the IP560 modules. • N431174001 (12 pc) – Tamper-evident seal kit © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. After the seal(s) are in place, the Crypto Officer must initialize the module and set the module to FIPS mode. 3.1.1.1 Applying the Tamper-Evident Seal(s) The seals should be applied as shown in the figures below to both the IP390 and IP560 modules. The tamper-evident seals each contain a unique serial number which aids the Crypto Officer in determining whether the original labels have been replaced. Refer to Section 2.2 for a list of the module hardware versions and their respective chassis type. To apply the serialized seal 1. Assure surface where tamper-evident seal is to be applied is clean by wiping with a dry cloth. 2. Depending on the module hardware version, apply one or more tamper seals to the module chassis at the front, top, or rear of the module as indicated in the figures below. 3. On hardware version IP390, the PCMCIA slots are disabled and do not contain cards. Affix two large tamper seals so that they cover the empty PCMCIA bay at the front of the chassis (see Figure 4). The tamper seals are used to block visual access to the chassis interior. Insure that there is proper adhesion to the faceplate on the edges. A minimum one inch overlap of tape is recommended to cover the whole opening, taking care not to cover the vent holes. 4. Record the serial number of the applied seal(s) in a security log. 5. Allow 24 hours for the adhesive in the tamper-evident seal(s) to completely cure. 6. The Crypto Office is responsible for control at all times for any unused seals, and the direct control and observation of any changes to the module. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 2 – Tamper Seal Placement (1 Seal) on IP390 Chassis Figure 3 –Tamper Seal Placement on IP560 Chassis (2 Seals) © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Shown are (2x) 2.00”x.75” FIPS labels (for PCMCIA slot on IP390) Figure 4 –Tamper Seal Location (2 Seals) for PCMCIA Flash Memory Bay (IP390 only) 3.1.1.2 Module Initialization Before performing the initial configuration, the Crypto Officer must set the boot manager password to prevent unauthorized access to the module hard disk. To be compliant with FIPS 140-2 requirements the Crypto Officer shall use a non-networked general purpose computer to initialize the appliance. To initialize the appliance 1. Connect the supplied console cable to the local console port on the front panel of the appliance. 2. Connect the other end of the cable to a non-networked GPC running a terminal emulation program or a standalone VT100 console. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 3. Press Return. 4. At the boot manager prompt, enter: BOOTMGR [0] > passwd 5. At the prompt, enter the new password. 6. At the prompt, re-enter the new password for verification. 7. IPSO can now be started by entering the boot command. 8. Follow the initial configuration procedures described in the appropriate Appliance Installation Guide. 3.1.2 Installing the Module Firmware New modules come preinstalled with the Check Point IPSO operating system and a version of the Check Point VPN-1 application. The FIPS 140-2 conformant configuration consists of IPSO 4.2 with Check Point VPN-1 version NGX R65 with hot fix HFA 30. 3.1.3 Initializing Check Point Modules Before the User can use the Check Point VPN-1 functionalities (also before he can enable FIPS mode), the Check Point module must be enabled and initialized using the CLI. The initialization process requires that the Crypto Officer establishes the SIC configuration. This is done via the cpconfig command. Once you have rebooted the device after installing the correct IPSO and VPN-1 versions, run ‘cpconfig’ and follow the instructions. Be sure to choose the following options during cpconfig: Distributed Installation (option 2) and Enforcement Module (option 1). You will also be prompted to initialize the SIC (Secure Internal Communication). This is used to initialize secure communication with the Check Point SmartCenter Management Station. Also enter a valid Check Point license. Check Point VPN-1 NGX R65 with hot fix HFA 30 includes support for Diffie-Hellman Groups up to Group 14 (2048 bit modulus) key sizes. Additional Diffie-Hellman Groups 15-18 (3072 bits to 8192 bits) must be configured during the initialization process by the Local Crypto-Officer before beginning the initialization of the module. The procedure for enabling the additional groups is obtainable from Check Point support SK27054 on the Check Point web. Using the SmartDashboard application, the Check Point module should be configured for FIPS mode by selecting the screens and options shown in © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. the screen shots included in Section 3.1.6 of this document. Only the screens shown should be configured. Once this is completed, the module is adequately initialized and can be managed from the management server. FIPS mode can be enabled only after the Check Point initialization is complete 3.1.4 Setting the Module to FIPS Mode After installing or upgrading to the appropriate Check Point module and initializing the Check Point module, the Crypto Officer must set the mode of operation to FIPS mode. To set the mode of operation to FIPS mode 1. Use the CLI from the console port to enter the set fips on restart command. This will reboot the device and bring it up in FIPS mode 2. If desired, enter the show fips command to verify that the device is in FIPS mode. For the list of disabled access and feature mechanisms, see Appendix A on page 47. 3.1.5 Initializing the Remote Management of the Module Before the Crypto Officer can manage the module remotely, SSH must be enabled, the Crypto Officer’s authorized SSH public key must be entered, only SSHv2 shall be used and only FIPS-approved algorithms can be selected. To initialize the remote management of the module 1. Using the CLI through the console port, enter the following commands: a. set ssh server protocol 2 b. set ssh server enable 1 2. To ensure that the Crypto Officer can log in (with a password) using SSH, enter the following command: set ssh server permit-root-login yes 3. Configure the type of authentication that the server will use to authenticate the Crypto Officer by entering the following commands: set ssh server dsa-authentication 1 password-authentication 1 rhosts-authentication 0 © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. rhosts-authentication 0 rsa-authentication 1 4. Allow only FIPS-approved algorithms for encryption and configure the SSH protocol by entering the following commands: set ssh server ciphers 3des-cbc ` keepalives <0 │1> listen-addr IPv4/IPv6 address listen-addr2 IPv4/IPv6 address port <1 │2 │1,2> server-key-bits 1024 5. Generate host keys for SSHv2 by entering the following commands: set ssh hostkey v2 rsa size 1024 ` v2 dsa size 1024 6. Enter the Crypto Officer’s authorized public key for SSHv2 with the following commands: add ssh authkeys v2 rsa user name comment name v2 dsa user name comment name 7. For optional configuration settings, see the CLI Reference Guide for IPSO. The module can now be managed remotely with SSH-secured management sessions. When changing the configuration, the preceding settings denoted by bold letters and numbers must not be changed. 3.1.6 Management and Monitoring After the initial setup, the Crypto Officer can locally or remotely manage, configure, and monitor the IPSO module with the CLI, or monitor with SNMPv3. The Crypto Officer can manage the Check Point module with the remote management server via the Check Point SmartDashboard application. Through this server, the Crypto Officer can configure policies for the module. These policies determine how the firewall and VPN services of the module function. Screen shots from the Check Point SmartDashboard application are included to aid in illustration of the steps described below. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. During the management of the module, the Crypto Officer must satisfy the following: • The SSH configuration settings specified in Section 3.1.5 must be satisfied. • Authorized public keys must be entered into the module with the SSH-secured management session. • The AUX port must not be enabled. • The module logs must be monitored. If a strange activity is found, the Crypto Officer should take the module off line and investigate. • The tamper-evident seal must be regularly examined for signs of tampering. • No keys or CSPs should be shared between the non-Approved mode and the Approved mode of operation when switching between modes of operation. To ensure that no sharing occurs, all keys must be zeroized while in one mode of operation before switching to another mode of operation. The VPN functionality must be configured to use only FIPS-approved algorithms. The following pages denote sample screen shots of the various Check Point configuration screens. Authentication during IKE must employ pre-shared keys or digital certificates. IPSec and IKE can use only the following FIPS-approved algorithms: Data encryption • Triple DES • AES Data packet integrity • HMAC with SHA1 Authentication • Certificates • Pre-shared keys © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 5 – Only FIPS-Approved Algorithms Can Be Used with IKE Notes: Only 1024-bit or higher DSA and RSA key sizes should be used in FIPS mode. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 6 – Only Pre-shared Keys or Digital Certificates Can Be Used to Authenticate Clients Notes: 1. Only Diffie-Hellman Groups 2 or higher (1024 bit modulus), providing 80 or more bits of encryption strength should be used in the FIPS approved mode of operation. Check Point recommends only DH Groups 14 (2048 bit modulus), to 18 should be used, providing between 112 and 128 bits of encryption strength. 2. After applying Check Point VPN-1 NGX R65 with hot fix HFA 30 and SK27054 (from Check Point support), additional Diffie-Hellman groups 15-18 (2048 bits to 8192 bits) are selectable as options. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 7 – Only FIPS-Approved Algorithms Can Be Used with IKE © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 8 – Only FIPS-Approved Algorithms Can Be Used with IPSec © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 9 – Only FIPS-Approved Algorithms Can Be Used with IPSec or IKE Note: This applies equally for either star or meshed VPN community properties The Crypto Officer should also make certain that no keys or CSPs are shared between the non-Approved mode and the Approved mode of operation when switching between modes of operation. To ensure that no sharing occurs, a Crypto Officer must zeroize all keys while in one mode of operation before switching to another mode of operation. The Crypto Officer User should only use 1024-bit keys or higher for RSA and Diffie-Hellman in FIPS mode. The DES algorithm, Triple-DES keying option 3, and public key sizes less than 1024-bits are not allowed in FIPS mode. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 3.2 User Guidance The User accesses the module VPN functionality as an IPSec client. Although outside the boundary of the module, the User should be careful not to provide authentication data and session keys to other parties. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. APPENDIX A – DISABLED MECHANISMS Warning: When running in a FIPS mode of operation, many of the existing and new features of Check Point IPSO are disabled as required for FIPS compliance. The following list shows all the access and feature mechanisms that are disabled when the module is in FIPS mode: • HTTP access • FTP access • Telnet access • TFTP access • Load Sharing (IP IPSO Clustering) and High Availability (VRRP) • NTP • Syslog remote logging • Check Point remote installation daemon • Firmware loading • SSLv3 • SSHv1 • Front PCMCIA Bays – IP390 only; Disabled by IPSO (both FIPS and non-FIPS modes); covered with Tamper Seal; Port bay is unavailable on IP560 • Disabled algorithms: o CAST o DES (40 bits) o MD5 o HMAC MD5 o Arcfour o Twofish o Blowfish © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. APPENDIX B – ALGORITHM VALIDATION CERTIFICATE NUMBERS The module supports several independent implementations of the same FIPS- Approved algorithms. The following table lists the certificate numbers for the validated FIPS-approved algorithms implemented in IPSO, the Check Point VPN-1 firmware, and the cryptographic accelerator chips. Accelerator cards (when used) accelerate the Check Point firmware DES, Triple-DES, or AES VPN functions as indicated. Accelerated DES and Triple-DES Keying Option 3 is non-compliant (Keying Option 3 uses one key 3 times). To remain in the FIPS Approved mode, only the FIPS approved Triple-DES and AES encryption algorithms should be used. Cryptographic IP Check Point Accelerator Firmware Firmware Chips IP390 IP560 IPSO 4.2 VPN-1 NGX R65 with hot fix HFA30 IP390 | IP560 IP390 | IP560 N/A AES #497 #442 #397 #342 DES2 N/A N/A N/A Triple- #507 #465 #510, #466, #435 #406 DES3 #729 #729 HMAC #248 #207 #251, #208, #176 #146 #499 #499 SHS #564 #508 #567, #509, #469 #417 #883 #883 N/A N/A N/A DSA #202 #204 N/A N/A RSA #211 #215 #213 #167 N/A N/A RNG #275 #229 #277 #230 Key Establishment Methodologies: The following key establishment (Key Agreement or Key Wrapping) methodologies are implemented by the module. The relative encryption strengths provided by the mechan- isms described are calculated in accordance with FIPS 140-2 Implementation Guidance 7.5 and NIST Special Publication 800-57. Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement: • IKE - NGX (R65): provides between 96 and 128 bits of encryption strength; less than 80 bits non-compliant • SSHv2 - IPSO (4.2): provides between 80 and 112 bits of encryption strength; less than 80 bits non-compliant 2 DES is a non-FIPS Approved algorithm (not to be used in FIPS mode) and should not be selected for use. See Section 3.1.6 for configuration instructions. 3 Triple-DES keying option 3 is non-compliant (not to be used in FIPS mode) and should not be selected for use. See Section 3.1.6 for configuration instructions. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. RSA Key Wrapping: • TLS: Provides 80 - 150 bits of encryption strength Note that only methodologies providing 80 or more bits of encryption strength are FIPS Approved. Sections 3.1.5 and 3.1.6 include instructions for configuring the module into approved mode. © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. APPENDIX C – ACRONYM DEFINITIONS AH Authentication Header AI Application Intelligence ANSI American National Standards Institute BGP Border Gateway Protocol CBC Cipher Block Chaining CLI Command-Line Interface CMVP Cryptographic Module Validation Program CRC Cyclical Redundancy Check CSP Critical Security Parameter DSA Digital Signature Standard DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol EDC Error Detection Code EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI Electromagnetic Interference ESP Encapsulating Security Payload FCC Federal Communication Commission FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard FP Feature Pack IGRP Inter-Gateway Routing Protocol IKE Internet Key Exchange IPSec IP Security KAT Known Answer Test LED Light Emitting Diode MAC Message Authentication Code NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology OSPF Open Shortest Path First PRNG Pseudo Random Number Generator RAM Random Access Memory RIP Routing Information Protocol RSA Rivest Shamir and Adleman SA Security Association SHA Secure Hash Algorithm SIC Secure Internal Communications SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SSH Secure Shell SSL Secure Socket Layer TLS Transport Layer Security VPN Virtual Private Network © Copyright 2010 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice.