FIPS 140-2 Security Policy BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel Version 3.8.5.51 Document Version 2.6 Security Certifications Team Research In Motion (RIM) © 2009 Research In Motion Limited. All rights reserved. www.blackberry.com This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 Document and Contact Information Version Date Description 1.0 30 October 2008 Document creation. 1.1 5 December 2008 Certificate numbers added in. 2.0 15 January 2009 Revised policy with minor modifications 2.1 19 January 2009 Added certificate numbers into table 2.2 20 January 2009 Revised policy with minor modifications 2.3 1 May 2009 Updated policy addressing CMVP comments 2.4 13 May 2009 Revised policy with minor modifications 2.5 15 May 2009 Revised policy with minor modifications Revised policy addressing comments from 2.6 25 May 2009 DOMUS Contact Corporate Office Security Certifications Team Research In Motion certifications@rim.com 295 Phillip Street (519) 888-7465 ext. 72921 Waterloo, Ontario Canada N2L 3W8 www.rim.com www.blackberry.com © 2009 Research In Motion Limited. All rights reserved. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Cryptographic Module Specification.................................................................................. 2 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces ...................................................................... 5 Roles, Services, and Authentication ................................................................................. 6 Physical Security ............................................................................................................... 8 Cryptographic Keys and Critical Security Parameters ...................................................... 9 Self-Tests ........................................................................................................................ 10 Mitigation of Other Attacks .............................................................................................. 12 Glossary .......................................................................................................................... 13 © 2009 Research In Motion Limited. All rights reserved. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 List of Tables Table 1. Security Functions ............................................................................................................ 2 Table 2. Implementation of FIPS 140-2 Interfaces ......................................................................... 5 Table 3. Module Services ............................................................................................................... 6 Table 4. Role Selection by Module Service.................................................................................... 7 Table 5. Cryptographic Keys and CSPs ......................................................................................... 9 Table 6. Module Self-Tests........................................................................................................... 10 Table 7. Attack Types ................................................................................................................... 12 © 2009 Research In Motion Limited. All rights reserved. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 List of Figures Figure 1. BlackBerry Solution Architecture ..................................................................................... 1 Figure 2. Physical Boundary........................................................................................................... 4 © 2009 Research In Motion Limited. All rights reserved. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 1 Introduction BlackBerry® is the leading wireless solution that allows users to stay connected to a full suite of applications, including email, phone, enterprise applications, Internet, SMS, and organiser information. BlackBerry is a totally integrated package that includes innovative software, advanced BlackBerry wireless devices and wireless network service, providing a seamless solution. The BlackBerry architecture is shown in the following figure. Figure 1. BlackBerry Solution Architecture BlackBerry devices are built on industry-leading wireless technology, allowing users to receive email and information automatically with no need to request for delivery. Additionally, users are notified when new information arrives, making it easier to stay informed. BlackBerry devices also provide an intuitive user experience. Users simply click on an email address, telephone number, or URL inside a message to automatically begin composing the new email, make the call, or link to the web page. BlackBerry device users can also easily navigate through icons, menus, and options with the roll-and-click trackwheel or trackball, and quickly compose messages or enter data using the device keyboard. Each BlackBerry device1 contains the BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel, a firmware module that provides the cryptographic functionality required for basic operation of the device. The BlackBerry Cryptographic Module meets the requirements of the FIPS 140-2 Security Level 1. The BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel, hereafter referred to as cryptographic module or module, provides the following cryptographic services: · Data encryption and decryption · Message digest and authentication code generation · Random data generation · Digital signature verification · Elliptic curve key agreement More information on the BlackBerry solution is available from http://www.blackberry.com/. 1 Excludes RIM 850TM, RIM 950TM, RIM 857TM, and RIM 957TM wireless handheld devices. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 2 Cryptographic Module Specification Security Functions The cryptographic module is a firmware module that implements the following FIPS-Approved security functions2: Table 1. Security Functions Algorithm Description Version Certificate Number AES-256 ASM Encrypt and Decrypt, as 3.8.5.51 #947 Code specified in FIPS 197. The implementation supports the CBC and CTR modes of operation. AES-256 Native Encrypt and Decrypt, as 3.8.5.51 #946 Code specified in FIPS 197. The implementation supports the CBC and CTR modes of operation. Triple DES Encrypt and Decrypt, as 3.8.5.51 #750 specified in FIPS 46-3. The implementation supports the CBC mode of operation. SHA-1, as specified in FIPS 180-3. 3.8.5.51 #921 SHA-256 & SHA-512 HMAC-SHA-1, as specified in FIPS 198. 3.8.5.51 #526 HMAC-SHA-256 & HMAC-SHA-512 FIPS 186-2 RNG as specified in FIPS 186-2. 3.8.5.51 #536 The implementation uses SHA-1 as the function G 2 A security function is FIPS-Approved if it is explicitly listed in FIPS 140-2 Annex A: Approved Security Functions for FIPS PUB 140-2. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 3 RSA PKCS#1 Signature verification, as 3.8.5.51 #456 specified in PKCS #1, version 2.1 ECDSA Signature verification, as 3.8.5.51 #118 specified in FIPS 186-2 and ANSI X9.62. The implementation supports elliptic curve K-571. The module implements the following non-Approved security functions that, per FIPS 140-2 Annex D: Approved Key Establishment Techniques for FIPS PUB 140-2, may presently be used in a FIPS-Approved mode of operation: · EC Diffie-Hellman (key agreement, key establishment methodology provides 256 bits of encryption strength), as specified in IEEE P1363 Draft 13. The implementation supports elliptic curves P-521 and K-571. · ECMQV (key agreement, key establishment methodology provides 256 bits of encryption strength), as specified in IEEE P1363 Draft 13. The implementation supports elliptic curves P-521 and K-571. Modes of Operation The module does not have a non-Approved mode of operation and, consequently, always operates in a FIPS-Approved mode of operation. Conformance Testing and FIPS-Compliance For the purposes of FIPS 140-2 conformance testing, the module was executed on the BlackBerry Storm 9500, per FIPS 140-2 Implementation Guidance G.5, remains FIPS-compliant when executed on other BlackBerry devices. Conformance testing was performed using BlackBerry OS version 4.7. In order for the module to remain validated on a specific handheld device, both the module and the tested operating platform shall be ported to any device unchanged. Cryptographic Boundary The physical boundary of the module is the physical boundary of the BlackBerry device that executes the module and is shown in the following figure. Consequently, the embodiment of the module is multiple-chip standalone. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 4 Application Module Operating System Device Physical Boundary Figure 2. Physical Boundary Determining the Module Version The operator may determine the version of the module on a BlackBerry device by performing the following operations: 1. Navigate to the Options list. 2. Click the About item. 3. The About screen appears and displays the module version, e.g. "Cryptographic Kernel v3.8.5.51". www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 5 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces The module ports correspond to the physical ports of the BlackBerry device executing the module, and the module interfaces correspond to the logical interfaces to the module. The following table describes the module ports and interfaces. Table 2. Implementation of FIPS 140-2 Interfaces FIPS 140-2 Module Ports Module Interfaces Interface Keyboard, microphone, USB port, headset Data Input jack, wireless modem, Bluetooth® wireless Input parameters of module function calls radio Speaker, USB port, headset jack, wireless Data Output Output parameters of module function calls modem, Bluetooth wireless radio Keyboard, USB port, trackwheel, trackball, Control Input touchscreen, menu button, escape button, Module function calls backlight button, phone button, end button Status Output USB port, Primary LCD screen, LED Return codes of module function calls Power Input USB port Not supported Maintenance Not supported Not supported www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 6 Roles, Services, and Authentication Roles The module supports a User and Crypto Officer role. The module does not support a maintenance role. The module does not support multiple or concurrent operators and is intended for use by a single operator, thus it always operates in a single-user mode of operation. Services The services described in the following table are available to the operator. Table 3. Module Services Service Description Resets the module. The module may be reset by pressing the Alt + Right Shift + Reset Backspace key combination or power cycling the module. View Status Displays the status of the module. Establishes a secure channel to the module utilizing ECDH and ECMQV key agreement Perform Key Agreement algorithms in transport of the new Master Key that is created outside the cryptographic boundary. Replaces the existing PIN Master Key with a new PIN Master Key. The new PIN Master Inject PIN Master Key Key is created outside the cryptographic boundary and is encrypted for input into the module for this service. Generates a Session Key or a PIN Session Key. This service is performed automatically Generate Session Key on behalf of the operator during the Encrypt Data service. Encrypts data that is to be sent from the device. A Session Key is automatically generated via the Generate Session Key service and used to encrypt the data. The Encrypt Data Session Key is encrypted with the Master Key and then the encrypted data and encrypted Session Key are ready for transmission. Decrypts data that has been received by the device. The encrypted Session Key is Decrypt Data decrypted with the Master Key and is then used to decrypt the data. This service is performed automatically on behalf of the operator. Generate HMAC Generates a message authentication code. Perform Self-Tests Executes the module self-tests. Verifies the digital signature of an IT policy received by the device. This service is Verify Signature performed automatically on behalf of the operator. Wipe Handheld Zeroizes device keys and user data present on device. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 7 Authentication The module does not support operator authentication. Roles are implicitly selected based on the service performed by the operator. Implicit role selection is summarised in the following table, as are the keys and critical security parameters (CSPs) that are affected by each service. Table 4. Role Selection by Module Service Role Implicitly Access to Keys and Service Affected Keys and CSPs Selected CSPs Reset User N/A N/A View Status User N/A N/A ECC Key Pair Execute Perform Key Agreement Crypto Officer Master Key Write Inject PIN Master Key Crypto Officer PIN Master Key Write Session Key / Generate Session Key User Write PIN Session Key Master Key / Execute PIN Master Key Encrypt Data User Session Key / Execute PIN Session Key Master Key / Execute PIN Master Key Decrypt Data User Session Key / Execute PIN Session Key Generate HMAC User HMAC Key Execute Perform Self-Tests User Firmware Integrity Key Execute Verify Signature User ECC Public Key Execute Wipe Handheld Crypto Officer All Write www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 8 Physical Security The BlackBerry device that executes the module is manufactured using industry standard integrated circuits and meets the FIPS 140-2 Level 1 physical security requirements. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 9 Cryptographic Keys and Critical Security Parameters The following table describes the cryptographic keys, key components, and CSPs utilised by the module. Table 5. Cryptographic Keys and CSPs Key / CSP Description A Triple DES or AES-256 key used to encrypt and decrypt Session Keys. The Master Key is always generated outside the cryptographic boundary. The Key may be input into the module: · in plaintext as parameters to an API call when connected directly Master Key to the USB port of a workstation operating BlackBerry Desktop Manager, or · encrypted by the current Master Key if utilizing key agreement with the BlackBerry Enterprise Server. A Triple DES or AES-256 key used to encrypt and decrypt data. The module Session Key generates Session Keys using the implemented FIPS 186-2 RNG. A Master Key that is specifically a Triple DES key used to encrypt and decrypt PIN Session Keys. The PIN Master Key is generated outside the cryptographic boundary The Key may be input into the module: PIN Master Key · in plaintext as parameters to an API call when connected directly to the USB port of a workstation operating BlackBerry Desktop Manager, or · encrypted by the current Master Key if utilizing key agreement with the BlackBerry Enterprise Server. A Session Key that is specifically a Triple DES key used to encrypt and PIN Session Key decrypt data for PIN messaging. The module generates PIN Session Keys using the implemented FIPS 186-2 RNG. A key pair used to perform key agreement during Master Key transport over ECC Key Pair elliptic curves. An ECC session key, that is specifically a short lived ephemeral key, is used ECC Session Key during key agreement during Master Key transport and is zeroized after use. ECC Public Key A public key used to verify digital signatures over elliptic curves A key used to calculate a message authentication code using the HMAC HMAC Key algorithm. Key Zeroization The BlackBerry security solution provides multiple protective features to ensure algorithmic keys and key components are protected. Similarly, data, and specifically key, removal through zeroization is built in as an integral part of the BlackBerry security solution. A user may also request a zeroization at anytime by navigating to the Options list and selecting "Wipe Handheld" via the Security Options General Settings. The BlackBerry Enterprise Server administrator may also zeroize the device remotely to wipe all device data and keys. Furthermore, session keys that are created per datagram are destroyed after each data fragment is sent. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 10 Self-Tests The module implements the self-tests described in the following table. Table 6. Module Self-Tests Test Description The module implements an integrity test for the module by verifying its 1024- Firmware Integrity Test bit RSA signature. The firmware integrity test passes if and only if the signature verifies successfully using the Firmware Integrity Key. The module implements a compare answer test (CAT) for the AES-256 variants. Each AES implementation takes the same test data and same test key to perform an encryption operation. The result of each encryption operation is then compared to each other to verify that they were able to calculate the same result. If the results are the same, the test passes. If the results are different, the encrypt test fails. AES-256 CAT The module then performs a compared test for decryption using known encrypted test data and test key where each implementation is given the same key and data and performs a decryption operation. The results of each decryption operation from the C++ and assembler implementations are then compared against the calculated results. If both implementations are able to calculate the same result, the test passes. If they do not calculate the same result, then the test fails. The module implements a KAT for Triple DES in the CBC mode of operation. Triple DES CBC KAT The test passes if and only if the calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a KAT for SHA-1. The KAT passes if and only if the SHA-1 KAT calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a KAT for SHA-256. The KAT passes if and only if SHA-256 KAT the calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a KAT for SHA-512. The KAT passes if and only if SHA-512 KAT the calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a KAT for HMAC SHA-1. The KAT passes if and HMAC SHA-1 KAT only if the calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a KAT for HMAC SHA-256. The KAT passes if and HMAC SHA-256 KAT only if the calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a KAT for HMAC SHA-512. The KAT passes if and HMAC SHA-512 KAT only if the calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a KAT for RSA signature verification. The test RSA Verify KAT passes if and only if the calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a KAT for ECDSA signature verification. The test ECDSA Verify KAT passes if and only if the calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a KAT for the FIPS 186-2 RNG. The KAT passes if FIPS 186-2 RNG KAT and only if the calculated output equals the expected output. The module implements a continuous RNG test, as specified in FIPS 140-2, Continuous RNG Test for the implemented FIPS 186-2 RNG. All self-tests, except the Continuous RNG Test, are executed during power-up without requiring operator input or action. The Firmware Integrity Test is the first self-test executed during power- up. Invoking the Self-Tests The operator may invoke the power-up self-tests by resetting the module via the Reset service. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 11 The operator may also invoke all of the self-tests with the exception of the Firmware Integrity Test and Continuous RNG test by performing the following operations: 1. Navigate to the Security options screen. 2. Click the General Settings option item. 3. Depending on the handheld model, click the trackwheel or trackball to open the General Settings options menu. 4. In the menu, click Verify Security Software. When the self-tests are executed in this manner, the module displays the list of self-tests that are being executed and a pass/fail status upon completion. www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 12 Mitigation of Other Attacks The module is designed to mitigate multiple side-channel attacks specific to the AES algorithm. Mitigation of these attacks is accomplished through the execution of table masking, splitting, and stirring manoeuvres designed to aid in the protection of cryptographic keys and plain text data at all points during the encryption, decryption, and self-test operations. The following table describes the types of attacks the module mitigates. Table 7. Attack Types Attack type Description Side-Channel · attempts to exploit physical properties of the algorithm implementation using Power Analysis (for example, SPA and DPA) and Electro-Magnetic Analysis (for example, SEMA and DEMA) · attempts to determine the encryption keys that a device uses by measuring and analyzing the power consumption, or electro-magnetic radiation, emitted by the device during cryptographic operations www.blackberry.com BlackBerry Cryptographic Kernel version 3.8.5.51 13 Glossary AES Advanced Encryption Standard ANSI American National Standards Institute CBC Cipher block chaining CSP Critical security parameter DES Data Encryption Standard EC Elliptic curve ECC Elliptic curve cryptography ECDSA Elliptic curve Digital Signature Algorithm ECMQV Elliptic curve Menezes, Qu, Vanstone FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard HMAC Keyed-hashed message authentication code IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers KAT Known answer test LCD Liquid crystal display LED Light emitting diode PIN Personal identification number PKCS Public Key Cryptography Standard PUB Publication RIM Research In Motion RNG Random number generator RSA Rivest, Shamir, Adleman SHA Secure Hash Algorithm SHS Secure Hash Standard SMS Short Messaging Service URL Uniform resource locator USB Universal serial bus www.blackberry.com