POINT TO POINT WIRELESS SOLUTIONS GROUP Cambium PTP 600 Series Point to Point Wireless Ethernet Bridges FIPS 140-2 Security Policy System Release 600-10-00-FIPS Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 CONTENTS 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Purpose............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Anti Tamper Label Placement ......................................................................................... 6 1.3 Port Identification ............................................................................................................ 8 1.4 The PTP 600 Series .......................................................................................................... 8 1.5 References ...................................................................................................................... 11 1.6 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 11 2 Security Level ....................................................................................................................... 12 3 Mode of Operation ................................................................................................................ 12 3.1 Prerequisites for the Approved Mode of Operation ...................................................... 12 3.2 Configuring the Approved Mode of Operation .............................................................. 13 3.3 Checking that the unit is in the Approved Mode of Operation ..................................... 15 3.4 Approved and non-approved modes of operation ......................................................... 16 4 Ports and Interfaces .............................................................................................................. 18 5 Identification and Authentication Policy .............................................................................. 19 6 Access Control Policy ............................................................................................................ 19 6.1 Authentication Strength ................................................................................................ 19 6.2 Roles and Services ......................................................................................................... 20 6.3 Unauthenticated Services: ............................................................................................. 22 6.4 Service I/O Specification ............................................................................................... 23 6.5 Definition of Critical Security Parameters .................................................................... 24 6.6 CSP Encrypted by Key of Keys ...................................................................................... 26 6.7 Definition of Public Keys ................................................................................................ 26 6.8 Definition of CSP Modes of Access ................................................................................ 27 6.9 CSP Access Rights within Roles and Services .............................................................. 27 7 Operational environment ...................................................................................................... 27 8 Security Rules ....................................................................................................................... 27 8.1 Self Tests ........................................................................................................................ 27 8.2 Conditional and Critical Function Self Tests................................................................. 28 phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 2 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 8.3 FIPS Integrity Test Error Indicators ............................................................................. 28 9 Identification of FIPS Mode of Operation ............................................................................ 28 10 Physical Security Policy ...................................................................................................... 28 10.1 FIPS Boundary and Frequency Variants ..................................................................... 29 11 Mitigation of Other Attacks Policy ..................................................................................... 29 TABLES Table 1 – The Cambium Networks PTP 600 Series ................................................................... 9 Table 2 – Module Security Level Specification ....................................................................... 12 Table 3 – FIPS approved and allowed algorithms ................................................................... 16 Table 4 – Management protocols in FIPS mode ...................................................................... 17 Table 5 – Ports and interfaces ................................................................................................. 18 Table 6 – Roles and authentication ......................................................................................... 19 Table 7 – Role-based services and CSP access ....................................................................... 21 Table 8 – Authenticated services ............................................................................................. 22 Table 9 – Unauthenticated services ........................................................................................ 22 Table 10 – Specification of service inputs and outputs........................................................... 23 FIGURES Figure 1 – PTP 600 Wireless Units ............................................................................................ 6 Figure 2 – Anti-tamper label placement .................................................................................... 6 Figure 3 – Port identification ..................................................................................................... 8 Figure 4 – Connectorized PTP 600 Unit .................................................................................. 10 Figure 5 – Integrated PTP 600 Unit ........................................................................................ 10 Figure 6 – Indication of FIPS 140-2 capability ........................................................................ 13 phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 3 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose This non-proprietary document describes the security policy for Cambium Networks PTP 600 Series Point to Point Wireless Ethernet Bridges. The Cambium Networks PTP 600 Series (hereafter the PTP 600 or PTP 600 Series) devices are multi-chip standalone cryptographic modules encased in hard opaque commercial grade metal cases. Operating in the 2.5, 4.5, 4.8, 4.9, 5.5 and 5.9 GHz frequency bands at Ethernet data rates up to 300 Mbps, the systems are designed for virtually any environment – non-line-of-sight, line-of-sight, and high interference – where high throughput is a major requirement and/or single or dual T1/E1 capability is needed. Through Cambium Network‟s unique combination of technologies, PTP 600 Series solutions enhance link performance in a variety of applications, including T1 replacement, Voice- over-IP, video surveillance, distance learning, telemedicine, and high-speed backhaul. The cryptographic boundary of the wireless unit is the unit‟s external casing. There are two product variants that have a different casing arrangement. Firstly the Integrated wireless units as the name suggests has an integrated RF antenna. The second product variant is named the Connectorized product variant which is identical to the Integrated product except the antenna is replaced by a metal plate with two „N‟ type RF connectors. For the purposes of FIPS Approval the integrated antenna is excluded from the cryptographic boundary. The purpose of this security policy is to validate the Cambium PTP 600 Series (HW P/Ns BP5830BHC, BP5830BHC15, BP5530BHC, BP5530BHC15, WB2781,WB3039, WB3037, WB3092, WB3094, WB3387, WB3389, WB3222, BP5830BH, BP5830BH15, BP5530BH, BP5530BH15, WB2780, WB3036, WB3038, WB3091, WB3093, WB3386, WB3388 and WB3221; Firmware Version PTP600-10-00) submitted for FIPS 140-2 Level 2 validation. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 5 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Figure 1 – PTP 600 Wireless Units Integrated Connectorized 1.2 Anti Tamper Label Placement Figure 2 – Anti-tamper label placement Connectorized PTP 600 Unit (2 Labels Wrapping around Enclosure Edge) #2 #1 Top (horizontal) Left (vertical) phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 6 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Integrated PTP 600 Unit (2 Labels on Underside) #2 #1 Note: The two anti-tamper labels on the Integrated module are affixed around the edge of the cover so that they make contact with both metal surfaces. The anti-tamper labels must be installed for the module to operate in a FIPS Approved mode of operation. The module is delivered to the operator with the anti-tamper labels applied. A hardware security upgrade kit containing additional anti-tamper labels may be obtained from Cambium Networks. The hardware security upgrade kit is P/N WB3593. The Crypto-Officer is the role responsible for: Securing and controlling any unused anti-tamper labels. Controlling and observing module reconfigurations (i.e., firmware updates) during which the anti-tamper labels would be removed and reinstalled to verify that the module remains secure during such updates and that it is returned to the FIPS Approved mode after the updates are complete. Before the anti-tamper labels can be replaced, the module surface must be prepared using the following procedure: All positions where labels are to be placed must be cleaned with a cloth wetted with Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA)1 before the labels can placed. 1 IPA is a solvent/cleaner. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 7 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 The glued side of the label must not be touched during the label placement. If it is inevitable, tweezer must be used for handling. Cambium recommends that the operator inspects the integrity of the anti-tamper labels a minimum of every 30 days. 1.3 Port Identification Figure 3 – Port identification The module ports are as follows: E1/T1: RJ45 socket for optional E1 or T1 network connection. AUX: Auxiliary RJ45 socket for out-of-band management interface (Management Port) or GPS connection (Sync Port). FIBER: Fiber optic socket for optional network connection. Subsequently referred to as the Fiber Data Port. PIDU+: RJ45 socket for connecting to power supply and network via the PIDU Plus. Referred to as the Copper Data Port. 1.4 The PTP 600 Series The product family consists of integrated (RF antenna built in) and connectorized (RF connectors to external antennas) variants. In addition each product variant can be purchased as a sub-variant of full or lite (when the full version offers 50% more Ethernet throughput for the same RF propagation conditions. And finally the PTP 600 can be purchased in the following frequency variants: 2.5, 4.5, 4.8, 4.9, 5.4, 5.5, 5.8 and 5.9 GHz. Table 1 lists the frequency ranges supported by each PTP 600 module. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 8 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Table 1 – The Cambium Networks PTP 600 Series Product Integrated / Full / Lite HW Part Frequency Range Name Connectorized Number Bottom Top (MHz) (MHz) PTP58600 Integrated Full BP5830BH Lite BP5830BH15 5725 5850 Connectorized Full BP5830BHC Lite BP5830BHC15 PTP54600 Integrated Full BP5530BH Lite BP5530BH15 5470 5725 Connectorized Full BP5530BHC Lite BP5530BHC15 PTP25600 Integrated Full WB2780 2496 2690 Connectorized WB2781 PTP45600 Integrated Full WB3036 Lite WB3038 4400 4600 Connectorized Full WB3037 Lite WB3039 PTP48600 Integrated Full WB3386 Lite WB3388 4700 5000 Connectorized Full WB3387 Lite WB3389 PTP49600 Integrated Full WB3221 4900 4990 Connectorized Full WB3222 PTP59600 Integrated Full WB3091 Lite WB3093 5825 5925 Connectorized Full WB3092 Lite WB3094 phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 9 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Figure 4 – Connectorized PTP 600 Unit Figure 5 – Integrated PTP 600 Unit phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 10 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 1.5 References (a) FIPS PUB 186-2, Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 186-2, Feb 2000. (b) FIPS PUB 180-3, Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 180-3, October 2008. FIPS PUB 140-2, Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 140-2, 25th (c) May 2001. FIPS PUB 197, Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 192, 26th (d) November 2001. DSAVS, Digital Signature Algorithm Validation Suite, 10 th March 2004. (e) PTP 600 Series User Guide. phn-0896 007v001, Monday 30th June 2008 (f) (g) X.680, ASN.1 Encoding Rules: specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER), (07/02) (h) PKCS #8: Private-Key Information Syntax Standard, Version 1.2, November 1, 1993 (i) PKCS #1: Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS), Version 2,1, June 14 2001 (j) RFC 4346, The Transport Layer Security Protocol version 1.0, April 2006. (k) NIST SP 800-90 Recommendation for Random Number Generators Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators. March 2007. (l) NIST Special Publication 800-131B - Transitions: Validation of Transitioning Cryptographic Algorithm and Key Lengths, February 2011 1.6 Acronyms CA Certification Authority CO Cryptographic Officer CSP Critical Security Parameter DER Distinguished Encoding Rules DES Data Encryption Standard DSA Digital Signature Algorithm FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard HMAC Hashed Message Authentication Code KAT Known Answer Test PTP Point to Point SA System Administrator SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol TLS Transport Layer Security phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 11 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 2 SECURITY LEVEL The cryptographic module meets the overall requirements applicable to Level 2 security of FIPS 140-2. Table 2 – Module Security Level Specification Security Requirements Section FIPS 140-2 Level Cryptographic Module Specification 3 Module Ports and Interfaces 2 Roles, Services and Authentication 3 Finite State Model 2 Physical Security 2 Operational Environment N/A Cryptographic Key Management 2 EMI/EMC 2 Self-Tests 2 Design Assurance 3 Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A 3 MODE OF OPERATION 3.1 Prerequisites for the Approved Mode of Operation A user can verify that the wireless unit is capable of operating in FIPS mode by visually inspecting any management webpage and looking for the FIPS logo: phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 12 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Figure 6 – Indication of FIPS 140-2 capability The FIPS logo on its own is not an indicator of correct FIPS configuration. The logo is present when the operator has a correct hardware, software and license line-up to allow FIPS mode. The operator must follow the procedure outlined in Section 3.2 to enter approved mode. When in approved mode, the FIPS logo will be displayed and the alarm that is used to indicate incorrect configuration will not be asserted. If the FIPS logo is not displayed, proceed as follows: (a) Check that the hardware is capable of supporting FIPS 140-2. This includes checking the silver tamper-evident labels, the hardware platform part number and the hardware version. (b) If the hardware does not support FIPS 140-2, apply the hardware security upgrade kit. (c) Check the capability summary in the Software License Key page to ensure that the current license key supports AES and FIPS 140-2. If necessary, obtain an access key and generate a new license key. (d) Check the installed software version in the System Status page to ensure that the software image is FIPS validated. If necessary, upgrade to the latest FIPS validated image. 3.2 Configuring the Approved Mode of Operation If the FIPS logo is displayed, the approved mode of operation can be configured using the Security Configuration Wizard. 3.2.1 Obtaining cryptographic material Before starting the Security Configuration Wizard, ensure that the following cryptographic material has been generated using a FIPS-approved cryptographic generator: Key Of Keys TLS Private Key and Public Certificates phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 13 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Entropy Input Wireless Link Encryption Key for AES 3.2.2 Starting Security Configuration Wizard To start the wizard, proceed as follows: Select menu option Security. The Security Configuration Wizard page is displayed. (a) (b) Review the summary of HTTPS/TLS security related parameters. If any updates are required, select Continue to Security Wizard. (c) 3.2.3 Step 1: Enter key of keys To enter the Key Of Keys via the Security Wizard, proceed as follows: (a) The Step 1: Enter Key of Keys page is displayed. (b) Enter the generated key of keys in both the Key Of Keys and Confirm Key Of Keys fields. Select Next. (c) 3.2.4 Step 2: TLS private key and public certificate To enter the TLS Private Key and Public Certificate via the Security Wizard, proceed as follows: (a) The Step 2: TLS Private Key and Public Certificate page is displayed. (b) If a valid TLS private key exists, then an SHA-256 thumbprint of the key is displayed. If this key is correct, then take no action. Otherwise, select Browse and select the generated private key file (.der). (c) If a valid TLS public certificate exists, then an SHA-256 thumbprint of the certificate is displayed. If this certificate is correct, then take no action. Otherwise, select Browse and select the generated certificate file (.der). Select Next. (d) 3.2.5 Step 3: User security banner To enter the user security banner via the Security Wizard, proceed as follows: (a) The Step 3: User Security Banner page is displayed. (b) Update the User Defined Security Banner field. Select Next. (c) 3.2.6 Step 4: Random number entropy input To enter the Entropy Input via the Security Wizard, proceed as follows: phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 14 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 (a) The Step 4: Random Number Entropy Input page is displayed. (b) If valid entropy input exists, then an SHA-256 thumbprint of the input is displayed. If this input is correct, then take no action. Otherwise, enter the generated input in the Entropy Input and Confirm Entropy Input fields. If the two values are not identical, an error message is displayed. Select Next. (c) 3.2.7 Step 5: Enter the wireless link encryption key To enter the wireless link encryption key via the Security Wizard, proceed as follows: (a) The Step 5: Enter The Wireless Link Encryption Key page is displayed. (b) Select the applicable value in the Encryption Algorithm field. (c) If a valid encryption key exists, then an SHA-256 thumbprint of the key is displayed. If this key is correct, then take no action. Otherwise, enter the generated key in the Wireless Link Encryption Key and Confirm Wireless Link Encryption Key fields. If the two values are not identical, an error message is displayed. Select Next. (d) 3.2.8 Step 6: HTTP and Telnet settings To configure HTTP and Telnet via the Security Wizard, proceed as follows: (a) The Step 6: HTTP and Telnet Settings page is displayed. (b) Review and update the HTTP and Telnet attributes. If the unit is required to operate in FIPS 140-2 secure mode, HTTP, Telnet and SNMP Control must all be disabled. Select Next. (c) 3.2.9 Step 7: Commit security configuration Review all changes that have been made in the Security Wizard. To ensure that the changes take effect, select Commit Security Configuration. The unit reboots and the changes take effect. 3.3 Checking that the unit is in the Approved Mode of Operation The unit is ready to operate in FIPS 140-2 secure mode when both of the following conditions apply: The FIPS 140-2 capability logo is displayed in the navigation bar. The FIPS Operational Mode Alarm is not present in the Home page. If the FIPS 140-2 capability logo is not displayed in the navigation bar, then return to Section 3.1 and check that all prerequisites are fulfilled. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 15 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 If the FIPS 140-2 Operational Mode Alarm is present in the Home page, take action depending upon the alarm setting as follows: If the alarm is „FIPS mode is not configured‟, then return to Section 3.2 and check that all Security Wizard settings are correct for FIPS 140-2. If the alarm is „FIPS mode is configured, but not active‟, then return to Section 3.2.8 and set the following attributes to „No‟: HTTP Access Enabled Telnet Access Enabled SNMP Control of HTTP And Telnet 3.4 Approved and non-approved modes of operation 3.4.1 Approved mode of operation In the non-approved non-FIPS mode of operation it is possible to use all the approved algorithms of FIPS mode and also to use in the clear management protocols. No CSPs are shared between these modes of operation. A zeroize CSPs is forced if a user causes the unit to transit between modes. In FIPS mode, the cryptographic module only supports FIPS Approved and allowed algorithms as follows: Table 3 – FIPS approved and allowed algorithms Algorithm NIST Certificate Number SHA-1 and SHA-256 for hashing. See Reference (b). 1101 DSA for digital signature verification of uploaded firmware images 569 2048/256. See Reference (e). AES 128 and 256 for SNMP, TLS and DRBG. ECB, CBC modes 1144 AES 128 & 256 for wireless link encryption 708 SP800-90 DRBG, CTR_DRBG see Reference (k) section 10.2.1 21 HMAC-SHA-256 1070 Triple-DES 863 Note that 2-Key TripleDES is not used on the PTP600, so the 2-key restrictions (see Reference (l) Section 3.3) do not apply. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 16 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Algorithm NIST Certificate Number RSA for key unwrapping during TLS Handshake (unapproved algorithm N/A allowed in FIPS mode; key wrapping, key establishment methodology provides 80 bits of encryption strength) Table 4 – Management protocols in FIPS mode Protocol Cipher Suites supported by the Notes module TLS v1.0 & TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA The module acts as the HTTP over server endpoint in the TLS TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS (HTTPS), communication. The clients TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA are authenticated at the application layer using passwords 3.4.2 Non-FIPS modes of operation The following algorithms and protocols are available in the Non-FIPS mode of operation: Custom RNG2 HTTP Unencrypted Wireless RADIUS MD5 2 A custom RNG is included in the operational code. This RNG is not utilised in FIPS mode. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 17 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 4 PORTS AND INTERFACES The cryptographic module provides the following physical ports and logical interfaces: Table 5 – Ports and interfaces Port Data Data Status Control Power Input Output Output Input Input      Fiber Data Port   E1/T1 A   E1/T1 B AUX Port The AUX physical connector provides access to the Management Port and the Sync Port (see below).   Sync Port      Management Port      PIDU+/ Copper Data Port     RF Horizontal*     RF Vertical*  Earthing * For connection of external antenna. Within the module boundary for the Connectorized version; not exposed for the Integrated version. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 18 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 5 IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION POLICY The PTP 600 supports identity-based authentication. The following table outlines the roles that can be assigned to each operator. Table 6 – Roles and authentication Role Type of Authentication Authentication Mechanism Security Officer Username and password Username and password entered over a (Crypto-Officer) verification TLS socket to the HTTPS server and verified by wireless unit. System Username and password Username and password entered over a Administrator verification TLS socket to the HTTPS server and verified by wireless unit. Remote Username and The username and password are passed password verification to a remote authentication server using a secure TLS tunnel Read-only user Username and password Username and password entered over a verification TLS socket to the HTTPS server and verified by wireless unit Remote Username and The username and password are passed password verification to a remote authentication server using a secure TLS tunnel 6 ACCESS CONTROL POLICY 6.1 Authentication Strength In FIPS mode password complexity is enforced: The complexity rules are: The password must contain at least two characters for each of the four groups: (a) lowercase letter (b) uppercase letter (c) decimal numerals phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 19 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 special characters3 (d) The password must have a minimum length of 10 characters The passwords must not contain the user‟s username. The maximum number of repeated characters in a password is 2. When passwords are changed at least four distinct character MUST change Password must not be reused for the next 10 passwords. Only three authentication attempts are permitted for any user within any one minute period. A password with minimum complexity can be constructed by selecting, 2 lowercase, 2 uppercase, 2 special characters and 4 numeric characters. The strength of this combination is calculated as follows: 1 1 11 1 p . 2. 2. 4 2 4.7 10 12 26 26 32 10 Test Strength Pass strength is 1 in 4.7 x 1012 1 in 100,000 in any minute Pass strength is 1 in 1.5 x 1012 1 in 1,000,000 at any attempt 6.2 Roles and Services The services available to authenticated users are summarised in Table 7 and Table 8. These roles and services are also available in non-FIPS mode. Table 7 also identifies the CSP access type for each CSP in braces after each CSP. {R}ead, {W}rite and {Z}eroize. 3 Allowable special characters are: !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~ phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 20 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Table 7 – Role-based services and CSP access Role Service CSPs RO, SA, CO Authentication Authenticate, password {R,W}, HMAC session key {W}, key of keys {R} The CO has R and W access to all user passwords, CO password, SA password and RO password. Users with the SA or RO role only has R and W access to their associated passwords Operator password management. SA, CO Firmware Upgrade DSA Public key {R} CO Encrypt Encrypt / Decrypt wireless traffic using wireless encryption key {R} , key of keys {R} TLS Authenticate and key exchange using TLS private key {R}, entropy seed {R}, key of keys {R} TLS pre-master secret {R, W}, TLS master secret {R, W} and TLS keyset {R} CO Zeroise Key of keys {Z} (Also initiates system reboot, which zeroizes all CSPs in volatile memory.) Self Test N/A CO Cryptographic Key Key of keys, TLS X509 private key {R, W}, Management wireless link encryption key {R, W}, entropy seed {R, W} CO, SA Module Configuration N/A CO, SA Reboot HMAC Session Key {Z}, TLS Key Set {Z} CO, SA, RO View Status N/A CO, SA, RO View Configuration N/A CO, SA, RO Logout HMAC session key {W} CO, SA, RO SNMP (view of status N/A and configuration) phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 21 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Table 8 – Authenticated services Service Role Purpose Authentication CO, SA, RO Authenticate user logins Operator password management Firmware Upgrade CO, SA Upgrade operational firmware Encrypt CO Encrypt / Decrypt wireless traffic Zeroise CO Zeroise Key of Keys (Also initiates system reboot, which zeroizes all CSPs in volatile memory.) Cryptographic Key CO Cryptographic key data entry and CSP zeroisation management Module CO A selection of standard wireless unit configuration Configuration settings Reboot CO Reboot the wireless unit View Status SA, CO, RO View module status including hardware and firmware versions View RO, SA, CO View all system administrative configuration Configuration Logout RO, SA, CO Invalidate any previously HMAC signed cookies by regenerating the HMAC session key 6.3 Unauthenticated Services: The services available to unauthenticated users are summarised in Table 9. Table 9 – Unauthenticated services Service Role Purpose Self Test - This service executes a suite of cryptographic self tests as required by FIPS 140-2 level 2. (Power up self test) phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 22 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Service Role Purpose TLS - Implement the TLS secure communication protocol Syslog - Service to log system events to an external server SNMP - View status and configuration using the SNMP management protocol. It is important to note that no CSPs are accessible using the SNMP protocol View Status - View wireless performance status 6.4 Service I/O Specification Table 10 – Specification of service inputs and outputs Service Control Input Data Input Data Output Status Output Authentication Authentication Username & HMAC signed Status OK if request password cookie username and password match Or plain text HMAC signed username and cookie password CSP Firmware Upgrade Plaintext DSA Status OK if „v‟ = Upgrade request header + BZIP2 verification „v‟ „r‟ compressed vector image Zeroise Zeroise Request None None True if key of keys removed from non-volatile storage and system reboot Self Test System reboot Self Test keys None True if algorithm and test vectors self test successful. Otherwise false Cryptographic Data Entry Key of Keys, None True if key Key TLS Private correctly phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 23 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Service Control Input Data Input Data Output Status Output Management key, TLS public validated. certificate, Otherwise false entropy seed, passwords Module Data Entry Wireless None True if Configuration Configuration configuration parameters correctly validated. Otherwise false Reboot Data Entry None None None View Status View Status None Status None Request information View View None Configuration None Configuration Configuration Information Request Logout Logout Request None None OK 6.5 Definition of Critical Security Parameters The following CSPs and public keys are contained in the modules FLASH memory. These are NOT read into SDRAM by the FIPS module. 6.5.1 Key of Keys The key of keys is stored as a 128/256-bit AES key and is stored in the CSP FLASH bank. The key of keys is read during the DMGR initialisation procedure and the key expansion is stored in SDRAM. All DMGR attributes that are marked as CSPs are encrypted/decrypted as they are written/read from the configuration FLASH banks using the key expansion. The integrity of the key of keys is validated by the user with a CRC32. The key of keys can be configured or erased by a user with the security officer role. 6.5.2 TLS X509 Private Key TLS private key is used by the HTTPS server. The private key is designated as a DMGR CSP and is encrypted using the key of keys. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 24 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 A key size of 1024-bits is supported Entered via a secure webpage upload Generated by a FIPS approved algorithm outside the module Validity checked by performing a modulus check on private and associated public certificate. The X.509 private key can be configured or erased by a user with the security officer role. 6.5.3 RNG Entropy SP800-90 DRBG entropy string is used by the TLS stack and other random processes. The entropy string is designated as a DMGR CSP and is encrypted using the key of keys. A key size of 512-bits is supported Entered via a secure webpage upload Generated by a FIPS approved algorithm outside the module The entropy string can be configured or erased by a user with the security officer role. 6.5.4 HMAC Session Key The HMAC session key is used by the authentication process to sign and verify HMAC signed web authentication cookies The HMAC session key is generated using the FIPS approved DRBG. The session key is overwritten every time a user successfully authenticates to the PTP 600 module. The authentication cookie is used by the PTP 600 module to create and store session information. Each time a webpage is clicked by an authenticated user the session cookie is replayed by the browser to the PTP 600 module. After receiving the cookie the PTP 600 module uses the HMAC session key and arguments extracted from the cookie to regenerate the HMAC. If the HMAC is successfully regenerated the user is allowed access to the module otherwise the user is forced to re-authenticate. 6.5.5 Wireless Encryption Key The wireless encryption key is used to encrypt/decrypt all control and data sent over the wireless MAC layer. 6.5.6 TLS Key Set The TLS keyset comprises of the session keys. The TLS service is used for authenticity and privacy when transporting CSPs from the user‟s browser to PTP 600 module. The CSPs that are protected are detailed in section 0 The TLS keyset is generated by TLS ”Approved“ PRF with the help of TLS Master secret and server and client random. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 25 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 The server random is generated using the approved DRBG. The client random is generated by the operator‟s browser. 6.5.7 TLS pre-master secret and TLS master secret The 46 byte pre-master secret is generated by the operator‟s browser, PCKS#1 v1.5 encoded, wrapped with RSA 1024. The master-secret is generated using TLS PRF: master_secret = PRF(pre_master_secret, "master secret", ClientHello.random + ServerHello.random) The TLS Pre-Master Secret and TLS Master Secret are zeroized after use. 6.5.8 Passwords The PTP 600 has 10 configurable user accounts. Each user account has an associated password. All passwords are designated as DMGR CSPs and are encrypted using the key of keys. A user with the security officer role can reset all user account passwords. Users with system administrator or read only user roles can reset their own passwords. 6.6 CSP Encrypted by Key of Keys The following CSPs are AES encrypted (See Reference (i)) using a key of keys approach and are not zeroised. Wireless Encryption Key – This key is used for the Encryption/Decryption of all traffic over the wireless link. System passwords TLS X.509 private key DRBG Entropy seed 6.7 Definition of Public Keys The following are the public keys contained in the module: TLS X509 Public Certificate (located in the configuration FLASH bank). The certificate can be modified by a user uploading a new valid certificate. The longevity of the key is encoded in the X509 certificate expiry time. Firmware DSA 2048-bit public key (p, q, g and y vectors) (located in the FIPS module code and defined as static const unsigned char arrays). The DSA public key cannot be erased and can only be replaced by upgrading the firmware. TLS Private Key / Public Certificate Modulus Check phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 26 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 6.8 Definition of CSP Modes of Access Validate an uploaded firmware images digital signature TLS Authentication 6.9 CSP Access Rights within Roles and Services The CSPs are not accessible from any management interface. 7 OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT The FIPS 140-2 Area 6 Operational Environment requirements are not applicable because the PTP 600 device does not contain a modifiable operational environment. 8 SECURITY RULES This section documents the security rules enforced by the cryptographic module to implement the security requirements of this FIPS 140-2 Level 2 module. The cryptographic module provides three roles: Security administrator, system administrator and read-only user. The cryptographic module provides identity based authentication. Concurrent operators support no bypass states; no maintenance roles The cryptographic module performs the power up self tests listed in Section 8.1. 8.1 Self Tests The operator shall be capable of commanding the module to perform the power-up self-test. Data output shall be inhibited during key cryptographic self-tests, zeroisation, and error states. Status information shall not contain CSPs or sensitive data that if misused could lead to a compromise of the module. After FIPS configuration the module performs a reboot and subsequent FIPS self test. The image will perform the following tests: 8.1.1 Cryptographic Power-up Self Tests SHA-256 known answer test DSA signature verification known answer test AES (FPGA used for wireless link encryption). Encryption and Decryption KAT AES (DSP TLS and SNMPv3). Encryption and Decryption KAT phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 27 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Triple-DES Encryption / Decrypt KAT DRBG. Known answer test HMAC-SHA-256. Known answer test RSA decrypt 8.1.2 Firmware Integrity Test (CRC32) A firmware integrity test is performed before booting the FIPS module. 8.2 Conditional and Critical Function Self Tests A DSA signature verification is performed before upgrading operational firmware Prior to each use, the internal DRBG shall be tested using the conditional test specified in FIPS 140-2 §4.9.2. RSA decrypt Firmware non-volatile storage integrity check CSP integrity self test is performed when reading CSPS from non-volatile storage. 8.3 FIPS Integrity Test Error Indicators All FIPS integrity test failures will result in a watchdog reset of the module. The integrity test failure messages are: FIPS Cryptographic Self Test Failure FIPS DRBG Failure FIPS RSA Decrypt Self Test Failure DSA Pair Wise Consistency FIPS Self Test Failure Bootcode Integrity Check Failure 9 IDENTIFICATION OF FIPS MODE OF OPERATION Correct configuration of the module can be confirmed by observing the FIPS 140-2 label on the webpage navigation frame and that the FIPS Operational Mode Alarm is not present in the Home page. 10 PHYSICAL SECURITY POLICY The PTP 600 is a multi-chip standalone cryptographic module and includes the following physical security mechanisms: phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 28 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Production-grade components and production-grade opaque enclosure with tamper evident labels. Protected, opaque vent. The tamper evident labels on the module enclosure must be checked every 30 days. If tamper evidence is observed, the module should be removed from service and inspected more closely. 10.1 FIPS Boundary and Frequency Variants All frequency and bandwidth limited variants of the PTP 600 wireless products are encased using an identical cast metal casing and cover plate. The only exception to this is statement is the difference between connectorized and integrated wireless units which have differing types of cover plates. 11 MITIGATION OF OTHER ATTACKS POLICY No other attacks have been identified. phn-3144 001v000 – February 2013 Page 29 of 30 Security Policy PTP 600-10-00 Cambium Networks Cambium Networks provides professional grade fixed wireless broadband and microwave solutions for customers around the world. Our solutions are deployed in thousands of networks in over 153 countries, with our innovative technologies providing reliable, secure, cost-effective connectivity that‟s easy to deploy and proven to deliver outstanding metrics. Our award-winning Point to Point (PTP) radio solutions operate in licensed, unlicensed and defined use frequency bands including specific FIPS 140-2 solutions for the U.S. Federal market. Ruggedized for 99.999% availability, our PTP solutions have an impeccable track record for delivering reliable high-speed backhaul connectivity even in the most challenging non-line-of-sight RF environments. Our flexible Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) solutions operate in the licensed, unlicensed and federal frequency bands, providing reliable, secure, cost effective access networks. With more than three million modules deployed in networks around the world, our PMP access network solutions prove themselves day-in and day-out in residential access, leased line replacement, video surveillance and smart grid infrastructure applications. Cambium Networks solutions are proven, respected leaders in the wireless broadband industry. We design, deploy and deliver innovative data, voice and video connectivity solutions that enable and ensure the communications of life, empowering personal, commercial and community growth virtually everywhere in the world. www.cambiumnetworks.com Cambium Networks and the stylized circular logo are trademarks of Cambium Networks, Ltd. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. © Copyright 2013 Cambium Networks, Ltd. May be reproduced only in its original entirety [without revision].