Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy Overall Level 2 (Sections 3 and 10 Level 3) Validation Version 0.13 March 2011 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3  Module Description ............................................................................................................ 4  Cryptographic Boundary..................................................................................................... 5  Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces ....................................................................... 5  Roles, Services, and Authentication ................................................................................... 7  Cryptographic Key/CSP Management................................................................................ 9  Cryptographic Algorithms ................................................................................................ 13  Physical Security............................................................................................................... 15  Secure Operation............................................................................................................... 22  Related Documentation..................................................................................................... 25  Obtaining Documentation ................................................................................................. 25  Documentation Feedback ................................................................................................. 26  Cisco Product Security Overview ..................................................................................... 26  Obtaining Technical Assistance........................................................................................ 27  Obtaining Additional Publications and Information ......................................................... 29  Definition List ................................................................................................................... 30  2 Introduction This is a non-proprietary Cryptographic Module Security Policy for the Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) from Cisco Systems, Inc. (Hardware Versions: 881, 881G, or 891; Firmware Version: IOS 15.1(2)T2A), referred to in this document as the modules, routers, or by their specific model name. This security policy describes how modules meet the security requirements of FIPS 140-2 and how to run the modules in a FIPS 140-2 mode of operation. FIPS 140-2 (Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 140-2 — Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules) details the U.S. Government requirements for cryptographic modules. More information about the FIPS 140-2 standard and validation program is available on the NIST website at http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/index.html. References This document deals only with operations and capabilities of the module in the technical terms of a FIPS 140-2 cryptographic module security policy. More information is available on the module from the following sources: • The Cisco Systems website (http://www.cisco.com) contains information on the full line of products from Cisco Systems. • The NIST Cryptographic Module Validation Program website (http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/index.html) contains contact information for answers to technical or sales-related questions for the module. FIPS 140-2 Submission Package The security policy document is one document in a FIPS 140-2 Submission Package. In addition to this document, the submission package includes: • Vendor Evidence • Finite State Machine • Other supporting documentation as additional references With the exception of this non-proprietary security policy, the FIPS 140-2 validation documentation is proprietary to Cisco Systems, Inc. and is releasable only under appropriate non-disclosure agreements. For access to these documents, please contact Cisco Systems, Inc. See “Obtaining Technical Assistance” section for more information. 3 Module Description Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) The Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) are routing platforms that provide VPN functionality, as well as, SIP Gateway Signaling Over TLS Transport. The Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) are routing platforms that provide connectivity and security services onto a single, secure device. These routers offer broadband speeds and simplified management to small businesses, and enterprise small branch and teleworkers. In support of the routing capabilities, the Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) provide IPSec and GetVPN (GDOI) connection capabilities for VPN enabled clients connecting through the Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs). The evaluated platforms consist of the following components: • Cisco 881 Integrated Services Router • Cisco 881G Integrated Services Router • Cisco 891 Integrated Services Router Only the following firmware may be loaded in FIPS 140-2 mode of operation. Model Firmware Cisco 881 Integrated Services Router 15.1(2)T2A Cisco 881G Integrated Services Router 15.1(2)T2A Cisco 891 Integrated Services Router 15.1(2)T2A Table 1: Module Hardware Configurations Module Validation Level The following table lists the level of validation for each area in the FIPS PUB 140-2. No. Area Title Level 1 Cryptographic Module Specification 2 2 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 2 3 Roles, Services, and Authentication 3 4 Finite State Model 2 5 Physical Security 2 6 Operational Environment N/A 7 Cryptographic Key management 2 8 Electromagnetic Interface/Electromagnetic Compatibility 2 9 Self-Tests 2 4 10 Design Assurance 3 11 Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A Overall Overall module validation level 2 Table 2: Module Validation Level Cryptographic Boundary The cryptographic boundary for the Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) is defined as the modules’ chassis. Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces Each module provides a number of physical and logical interfaces to the device, and the physical interfaces provided by the module are mapped to four FIPS 140-2 defined logical interfaces: data input, data output, control input, and status output. The module also supports a power interface. The logical interfaces and their mapping are described in the following tables: Physical Interface Logical Interface 10/100 Mbps FE LAN ports (4 on 881, Data Input Interface 881G, 8 on 891) 10/100 Mbps FE WAN port10/100/1000 Mpbs GE WAN port (891) Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Mbps FE LAN ports (4 on 881, Data Output Interface 881G, 8 on 891) 10/100 Mbps FE WAN port10/100/1000 Mpbs GE WAN port (891) Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Mbps FE LAN ports (4 on 881, Control Input Interface 881G, 8 on 891) 10/100 Mbps FE WAN port10/100/1000 Mpbs GE WAN port (891) Console Port Auxiliary Port Reset Button 10/100 Mbps FE LAN ports (4 on 881, Status Output Interface 881G, 8 on 891) 10/100 Mbps FE WAN port10/100/1000 Mpbs GE WAN port (891) Console Port Auxiliary Port Top Panel Ethernet LED Ethernet Jack LEDs Top Panel Status LED Top Panel Radio LED Power Plug Power Interface Power over Ethernet (POE) Table 3: Cisco 881, 881G, and 891 Integrated Services Routers 5 NOTE: Each module includes USB ports (Cisco 881 and 881G (1) and Cisco 891 (2)) and one V.92 port. These ports are disabled by covering with TELs while operating in FIPS-mode. NOTE: The 881G module includes one 3G diagnostic interface. This port is disabled by covering with TELs while operating in FIPS-mode. 6 Roles, Services, and Authentication Authentication is identity-based. Each user is authenticated upon initial access to the module. There are two main roles in the router that operators may assume: the Crypto Officer role and the User role. The administrator of the router assumes the Crypto Officer role in order to configure and maintain the router using Crypto Officer services, while the Users exercise only the basic User services. The module supports RADIUS and TACACS+ for authentication. A complete description of all the management and configuration capabilities of the modules can be found in the Cisco 860, Cisco 880, and Cisco 890 Series Integrated Services Routers Software Configuration Guide and in the online help for the modules. The User and Crypto Officer passwords and all shared secrets must each be at least eight (8) characters long, including at least one letter and at least one number character, in length (enforced procedurally). See the Secure Operation section for more information. If six (6) integers, one (1) special character and one (1) alphabet are used without repetition for an eight (8) digit PIN, the probability of randomly guessing the correct sequence is one (1) in 832,000,000. In order to successfully guess the sequence in one minute would require the ability to make over 13,000,000 guesses per second, which far exceeds the operational capabilities of the module. Including the rest of the alphanumeric characters drastically decreases the odds of guessing the correct sequence.” Additionally, when using RSA based authentication, RSA key pair has modulus size of 1024 bit to 2048 bit, thus providing between 80 bits and 112 bits of strength. Assuming the low end of that range, an attacker would have a 1 in 280 chance of randomly obtaining the key, which is much stronger than the one in a million chance required by FIPS 140-2. To exceed a one in 100,000 probability of a successful random key guess in one minute, an attacker would have to be capable of approximately 1.8x1021 attempts per minute, which far exceeds the operational capabilities of the modules to support. User Services A User enters the system by accessing the console/auxiliary port with a terminal program or SSH v2 session to a LAN port or the 10/100 management Ethernet port. The module prompts the User for their username/password combination. If the username/password combination is correct, the User is allowed entry to the module management functionality. The services available to the User role consist of the following: • Status Functions - View state of interfaces and protocols, firmware version • Network Functions - Connect to other network devices and initiate diagnostic network services (i.e., ping, mtrace). • Terminal Functions - Adjust the terminal session (e.g., lock the terminal, adjust flow control) • Directory Services - Display directory of files kept in memory • Perform Self-Tests – Perform the FIPS 140 start-up tests on demand 7 • VPN functions - Negotiation and encrypted data transport via VPN Cryptographic Officer Services A Crypto Officer enters the system by accessing the console/auxiliary port with a terminal program or SSH v2 session to a LAN port or the 10/100 management Ethernet port. Telnet access to the command line is only permitted in FIPS mode of operation if protected by IPSec. The Crypto Officer authenticates as a User and then authenticates as the Crypto Officer role. During initial configuration of the router, the Crypto Officer password (the “enable” password) is defined. A Crypto Officer may assign permission to access the Crypto Officer role to additional accounts, thereby creating additional Crypto Officers. The Crypto Officer role is responsible for the configuration and maintenance of the router. The Crypto Officer services consist of the following: • Configure the module - Define network interfaces and settings, create command aliases, set the protocols the router will support, enable interfaces and network services, set system date and time, and load authentication information. • Define Rules and Filters - Create packet Filters that are applied to User data streams on each interface. Each Filter consists of a set of Rules, which define a set of packets to permit or deny based characteristics such as protocol ID, addresses, ports, TCP connection establishment, or packet direction. • Status Functions - View the module configuration, routing tables, active sessions, use get commands to view SNMP MIB statistics, health, temperature, memory status, voltage, packet statistics, review accounting logs, and view physical interface status. • Manage the module - Log off users, shutdown or reload the router, manually back up router configurations, view complete configurations, manager user rights, initiate power-on self tests on demand and restore router configurations. • Set Encryption/Bypass - Set up the configuration tables for IP tunneling. Set keys and algorithms to be used for each IP range or allow plaintext packets to be set from specified IP address. • Perform Self-Tests – Perform the FIPS 140 start-up tests on demand The Crypto Officer also has access to all User services listed above. Unauthenticated User Services The services for someone without an authorized role are to view the status output from the module’s LED pins, perform bypass services, cycle power, and reset to factory settings with the reset button. 8 Cryptographic Key/CSP Management The module securely administers both cryptographic keys and other critical security parameters such as passwords. The tamper evidence seals provide physical protection for all keys. All keys are also protected by the password-protection on the Crypto Officer role login, and can be zeroized by the Crypto Officer. The zeroization method for each individual keys or CSPs can be found in table 4 below. All cryptographic keys are exchanged and entered electronically or via Internet Key Exchange (IKE)/Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI), and all CSPs are entered into the module by the Crypto Office role. The module supports the following critical security parameters (CSPs): ID Algorithm Size Description Storage Zeroization Method RNG Seed X9.31 This is the seed for X9.31 RNG. This CSP is DRAM Automatically every 64-bits stored in DRAM and updated periodically (plaintext) 400 bytes, or turn off after the generation of 400 bytes – after this the router. it is reseeded with router-derived entropy; hence, it is zeroized periodically. Also, the operator can turn off the router to zeroize this CSP. RNG Seed Key RNG Seed Key is a 168-bit seed key for DRAM X9.31 168-bits Turn off the router ANSI X9.31 Appendix A.2.4 Using 3-Key (plaintext) TDES Algorithms implemented on IOS. It is generated from a non-approved RNG. Diffie Hellman DH The private exponent used in Diffie-Hellman DRAM Automatically after 1024 – private exponent 2048 bits (DH) exchange. It was generated by calling (plaintext) shared secret FIPS approved RNG implemented by the generated. module. Zeroized after DH shared secret has been generated. Diffie Hellman DH 1024- Shared secret generated by the Diffie-Hellman DRAM Automatically after Shared Secret bits/2048- Key exchange (plaintext) session is terminated bits Skeyid Keyed SHA-1 Value derived from the shared secret within DRAM Automatically after 160-bits IKE exchange. Zeroized when IKE session is (plaintext) IKE session terminated. terminated. skeyid_d Keyed SHA-1 The IKE key derivation key for non DRAM Automatically after 160-bits ISAKMP security associations. (plaintext) IKE session terminated. IKE session encrypt Triple-DES/AES The IKE session encrypt key. DRAM Automatically after 168- key (plaintext) IKE session bits/256- terminated. bits IKE session SHA-1 HMAC The IKE session authentication key. DRAM Automatically after 160-bits authentication key (plaintext) IKE session terminated. ISAKMP preshared Secret The key used to generate IKE skeyid during NVRAM “# no crypto isakmp At least preshared-key authentication. “no crypto (plaintext or key” eight isakmp key” command zeroizes it. This key encrypted) character can have two forms based on whether the s key is related to the hostname or the IP address. IKE RSA RSA 1024 – RSA private key for IKE authentication. NVRAM “# crypto key 9 Authentication 2048 bits Generated or entered like any RSA key, (plaintext) zeroize rsa" private Key set as IKE RSA Authentication Key with the “crypto keyring” or “ca trust- point” command. IPSec encryption Triple-DES/AES The IPSec encryption key. Zeroized when DRAM Automatically when 168- key bits/256- IPSec session is terminated. (plaintext) IPSec session terminated. bits IPSec authentication SHA-1 HMAC The IPSec authentication key. The DRAM Automatically when 160-bits key zeroization is the same as above. (plaintext) IPSec session terminated. GDOI Key This key is created using the “GROUPKEY- DRAM AES (128, 192 168- Automatically encryption Key bits/256- PULL” registration protocol with GDOI. It (plaintext) and 256 bits) when session (KEK) is used protect GDOI rekeying data.” bits terminated. GDOI Traffic This key is created using the “GROUPKEY- DRAM Triple-DES/AES 168- Automatically Encryption Key bits/256- PULL” registration protocol and updated (plaintext) when session (TEK) using the “GROUPKEY-PUSH” registration bits terminated. protocol with GDOI. It is used to encrypt data traffic between Get VPN peers GDOI TEK Integrity This key is created using the “GROUPKEY- DRAM HMAC SHA-1 160-bits Automatically key PULL” registration protocol and updated (plaintext) when session using the “GROUPKEY-PUSH” registration terminated. protocol with GDOI. It is used to ensure data traffic integrity between Get VPN peers. TLS Server RSA 1024/153 Identity certificates for module itself and NVRAM RSA Automatically private key also used in TLS negotiations. This CSP is (plaintext or 6/2048 when session used for both SSL VPN and SIP Gateway encrypted) terminated. Signaling Over TLS Transport. TLS pre-master Shared secret created using asymmetric Shared Secret 384-bits DRAM Automatically secret cryptography from which new session keys (plaintext) when session can be created. This CSP is used for both terminated. SSL VPN and SIP Gateway Signaling Over TLS Transport. SSL Traffic Keys Generated using the TLS protocol Triple-DES/AES 160- DRAM Automatically (X9.31RNG + HMAC-SHA1 + either Diffie- (plaintext) HMAC SHA-1 bits/168- when session Hellman or RSA). This CSP is used for both keys bits/256- terminated. SSL VPN and SIP Gateway Signaling Over bits TLS Transport. Configuration AES 256-bits The key used to encrypt values of the NVRAM “# no key config- encryption key configuration file. This key is zeroized when (plaintext or key” the “no key config-key” is issued. Note that encrypted) this command does not decrypt the configuration file, so zeroize with care. SSH RSA private DH 168- Shared secret generated by the Diffie- DRAM Automatically after key bits/256- Hellman Key (plaintext) session is terminated bits exchange SSH session key TDES This is the SSH session key. It is used to DRAM Automatically when TDES /AES (Key Size encrypt all SSH data traffics traversing (plaintext) SSH session 168 between the SSH client and SSH server. terminated bits)/AES (Key Size 128/192/2 56 bits) SSH session HMAC-SHA-1 160 bits This key is used to perform the DRAM Automatically when 10 authentication key authentication between the SSH client and SSH (plaintext) SSH session terminated server. User password Shared At least The password of the User role. This NVRAM Overwrite with new Secret password is zeroized by overwriting it with a (plaintext or password eight character new password. encrypted) s Enable password Shared At least The plaintext password of the CO role. This NVRAM Overwrite with new Secret password is zeroized by overwriting it with a (plaintext or password eight character new password. encrypted) s Enable secret Shared The ciphertext password of the CO role. NVRAM Overwrite with new At least Secret However, the algorithm used to encrypt this (plaintext or password eight password is not FIPS approved. Therefore, encrypted) character this password is considered plaintext for s FIPS purposes. This password is zeroized by overwriting it with a new password. RADIUS secret Shared At least The RADIUS shared secret. This shared NVRAM “# no radius-server Secret secret is zeroized by executing the “no (plaintext or key” eight character radius-server key” command. encrypted), DRAM s (plaintext) TACACS+ secret Shared At least The TACACS+ shared secret. This shared NVRAM “# no tacacs-server Secret secret is zeroized by executing the “no (plaintext or key” eight character tacacs-server key” command. encrypted), DRAM s (plaintext) Table 4: CSP Table 11 Set tests tests Status Status Bypass module module Services Network Function Function Function Terminal Directory Functions CO Role and Filters User Role Manage the Encryption/ Define Rules Perform Self- Perform Self- Configure the VPN Function Role/Service CSP r = read r r d d w RNG Seed r r listed below. d d w RNG Seed Key r r d w Diffie Hellman private exponent r r d w Diffie Hellman Shared Secret r r r d d w w Skeyid w = write r r r d d w w skeyid_d r r r d d w w IKE session encrypt key r r r d d w w IKE session authentication key r r r d d w w ISAKMP preshared d=delete r r r r d d w w w IKE RSA Authentication private Key r r r d d w w IPSec encryption key r r r d d w w IPSec authentication key r r r d d w w GDOI Key encryption Key (KEK) r r r d d w w GDOI Traffic Encryption Key (TEK) Table 5: Role CSP Access r r d w GDOI TEK Integrity Key r r d d w w Configuration encryption key r r r d d w w TLS Server RSA Private Key r r r d d w w TLS pre-master Secret r r r d d w w SSL Traffic Key r r r d d w w SSH RSA Private Key r r d w SSH session key r r r d d w w SSH session authentication key r r d w User password r d w Enable password 12 The services accessing the CSPs, the type of access and which role accesses the CSPs are r d w Enable secret r d w RADIUS secret r d w TACACS+ secret Cryptographic Algorithms Approved Cryptographic Algorithms The Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) support many different cryptographic algorithms. However, only FIPS approved algorithms may be used while in the FIPS mode of operation. The following table identifies the approved algorithms included in the Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) for use in the FIPS mode of operation. Algorithm IOS Cert. # Freescale Accelerator Cert. # AES #1527 #962, #1535 SHS (SHA-1, SHA256 and SHA 512) #1359 #933 HMAC SHA-1 #891 #537 RNG (ANSI X9.31) #823 N/A Triple-DES #1010 #757 RSA #743 N/A Table 6: FIPS-Approved Algorithms for use in FIPS Mode Non-Approved Algorithms The Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) cryptographic module implements the following non-Approved algorithms: • MD5 • DES, • HMAC-MD5 • RC4 The modules support the following key establishment schemes: • Diffie-Hellman (key establishment methodology provides between 80 and 112 bits of encryption strength) • RSA key transport (key establishment methodology provides between 80 and 112 bits of encryption strength) • Internet Key Exchange Key Establishment (IKEv1/IKEv2) • Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI) 13 Self-Tests The modules include an array of self-tests that are run during startup and periodically during operations to prevent any secure data from being released and to ensure all components are functioning correctly. The modules implement the following power-on self-tests: • IOS Known Answer Tests: AES KAT, SHS KAT, HMAC KAT, Triple-DES KAT, RNG KAT, RSA KAT • Freescale Accelerator Known Answer Tests: AES KAT, HMAC KAT, Triple- DES KAT • Firmware Integrity Test (32-bit CRC) The modules perform all power-on self-tests automatically at boot. All power-on self- tests must be passed before any operator can perform cryptographic services. The power- on self-tests are performed after the cryptographic systems are initialized but prior any other operations; this prevents the module from passing any data during a power-on self- test failure. In addition, the modules also provide the following conditional self-tests: • CRNG test for the FIPS-approved RNG • CRNG tests for the non-approved RNG • RSA PWCT • Bypass Test 14 Physical Security This module is a multi-chip standalone cryptographic module. The FIPS 140-2 level 2 physical security requirements for the modules are met by the use of tamper evident seals to provide the required tamper evidence. The tamper evident labels shall be installed for the module to operate in a FIPS Approved mode of operation. The following sections illustrate the physical security provided by the module. Module Opacity and Tamper Evidence The modules do not require any specific physical configuration in order to operate in FIPS-approved mode. The module natively meets the FIPS 140-2 requirements for opacity. All Critical Security Parameters are stored and protected within each module's tamper evident enclosure. The Crypto Officer is responsible for properly placing all tamper evident labels. The security labels required for FIPS 140-2 compliance are provided in the FIPS Kit (Part Number CISCO-FIPS-KIT=), Revision -B0. The FIPS kit includes 15 of the seals, as well as a document detailing the number of seals required per platform and placement information. Please be aware that the extra tamper evident labels/seals shall be securely stored by the Crypto Officer. These security labels are very fragile and cannot be removed without clear signs of damage to the labels. Once the module has been configured to meet overall FIPS 140-2 Level 2 requirements, the module cannot be accessed without signs of tampering. The Crypto Officer should inspect the tamper evident labels periodically to verify they are intact and the serial numbers on the applied tamper evident labels match the records in the security log. The Tamper evident labels shall be applied as shown in the pictures below, for the module to operate in FIPS mode. Module Number of Tamper Seals Cisco 881 Integrated Services Router 6 Cisco 881G Integrated Services Router 8 Cisco 891 Integrated Services Router 6 To seal the system, apply serialized tamper-evidence labels as depicted in the figures below. 15 Figure 1: Cisco 881 ISR Front Figure 2: Cisco 881 ISR Back Figure 3: Cisco 881 ISR Top 16 Figure 4: Cisco 881 ISR Bottom Figure 5: Cisco 881 ISR Right Side Figure 6: Cisco 881 ISR Left Side 17 Figure 7: Cisco 881G ISR Front Figure 8: Cisco 881G ISR Back Figure 9: Cisco 881G ISR Top 18 Figure 10: Cisco 881G ISR Bottom Figure 11: Cisco 881G ISR Right Side Figure 12: Cisco 881G ISR Left Side 19 Figure 13: Cisco 891 ISR Front Figure 14: Cisco 891 ISR Back Figure 15: Cisco 891 ISR Top 20 Figure 16: Cisco 891 ISR Bottom Figure 17: Cisco 891 ISR Right Side Figure 18: Cisco 891 ISR Left Side 21 Secure Operation The Cisco 881, Cisco 881G and Cisco 891 Integrated Services Routers (ISRs) meet all the overall Level 2 requirements for FIPS 140-2. Follow the setting instructions provided below to place the module in FIPS-approved mode. Operating this router without maintaining the following settings will remove the module from the FIPS approved mode of operation. Initial Setup 1. The Crypto Officer must apply tamper evidence labels as described in this document. 2. The Crypto-Officer must ensure the PC used for the console connection is a non- networked PC. 3. The Crypto Officer must disable IOS Password Recovery by executing the following commands: configure terminal no service password-recovery end show version NOTE: Once Password Recovery is disabled, administrative access to the module without the password will not be possible. System Initialization and Configuration 1. The value of the boot field must be 0x0102. This setting disables break from the console to the ROM monitor and automatically boots. From the “configure terminal” command line, the Crypto Officer enters the following syntax: config-register 0x0102 2. The Crypto Officer must create the “enable” password for the Crypto Officer role. Procedurally, the password must be at least 8 characters, including at least one letter and at least one number, and is entered when the Crypto Officer first engages the “enable” command. The Crypto Officer enters the following syntax at the “#” prompt: enable secret [PASSWORD] 3. The Crypto Officer must always assign passwords (of at least 8 characters, including at least one letter and at least one number) to users. Identification and authentication on the console/auxiliary port is required 22 for Users. From the “configure terminal” command line, the Crypto Officer enters the following syntax: line con 0 password [PASSWORD] login local 4. The Crypto Officer may configure the module to use RADIUS or TACACS+ for authentication. Configuring the module to use RADIUS or TACACS+ for authentication is optional. If the module is configured to use RADIUS or TACACS+, the Crypto-Officer must define RADIUS or TACACS+ shared secret keys that are at least 8 characters long, including at least one letter and at least one number. 5. Firmware update is not allowed in FIPS mode. Requirements and Cryptographic Algorithms for IPSec and GetVPN (GDOI) Services 1. Internet Key Exchange (IKE) key management and GDOI group key management are the only two types of key management methods that are allowed in FIPS mode. 2. Although the IOS implementation of IKE allows a number of algorithms, only the following algorithms are allowed in a FIPS 140-2 configuration: • ah-sha-hmac • esp-sha-hmac • esp-3des • esp-aes • esp-aes-192 • esp-aes-256 3. The following algorithms shall not be used: • MD-5 for signing • MD-5 HMAC • DES Protocols 1. SNMP v3 over a secure IPSec tunnel may be employed for authenticated, secure SNMP gets and sets. Since SNMP v2C uses community strings for authentication, only gets are allowed under SNMP v2C. 23 Remote Access 1. SSH access to the module is allowed in FIPS approved mode of operation, using SSH v2 and a FIPS approved algorithm. 2. Telnet access to the module is only allowed via a secure IPSec tunnel between the remote system and the module. The Crypto officer must configure the module so that any remote connections via telnet are secured through IPSec, using FIPS-approved algorithms. Note that all users must still authenticate after remote access is granted. 3. HTTPS/TLS management is not allowed in FIPS mode. Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE) TLS Configuration 1. When configuring CUBE TLS connections, the following configuration command option must be executed to limit the TLS session options to FIPS-approved algorithms. crypto signaling [strict-cipher] 24 Related Documentation This document deals only with operations and capabilities of the security appliances in the technical terms of a FIPS 140-2 cryptographic device security policy. More information is available on the security appliances from the sources listed in this section and from the following source: • The NIST Cryptographic Module Validation Program website (http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/index.html) contains contact information for answers to technical or sales-related questions for the security appliances. Obtaining Documentation Cisco documentation and additional literature are available on Cisco.com. Cisco also provides several ways to obtain technical assistance and other technical resources. These sections explain how to obtain technical information from Cisco Systems. 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A current list of security advisories and notices for Cisco products is available at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt If you prefer to see advisories and notices as they are updated in real time, you can access a Product Security Incident Response Team Really Simple Syndication (PSIRT RSS) feed from this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_psirt_rss_feed.html 26 Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products Cisco is committed to delivering secure products. We test our products internally before we release them, and we strive to correct all vulnerabilities quickly. If you think that you might have identified a vulnerability in a Cisco product, contact PSIRT: • Emergencies — security-alert@cisco.com An emergency is either a condition in which a system is under active attack or a condition for which a severe and urgent security vulnerability should be reported. All other conditions are considered nonemergencies. • Nonemergencies — psirt@cisco.com In an emergency, you can also reach PSIRT by telephone: • 1 877 228-7302 • 1 408 525-6532 Tip We encourage you to use Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) or a compatible product to encrypt any sensitive information that you send to Cisco. PSIRT can work from encrypted information that is compatible with PGP versions 2.x through 8.x. Never use a revoked or an expired encryption key. The correct public key to use in your correspondence with PSIRT is the one linked in the Contact Summary section of the Security Vulnerability Policy page at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html The link on this page has the current PGP key ID in use. Obtaining Technical Assistance Cisco Technical Support provides 24-hour-a-day award-winning technical assistance. The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website on Cisco.com features extensive online support resources. In addition, if you have a valid Cisco service contract, Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) engineers provide telephone support. If you do not have a valid Cisco service contract, contact your reseller. Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website provides online documents and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. The website is available 24 hours a day, at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Access to all tools on the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. If you have a valid service contract but do not have a user ID or password, you can register at this URL: http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do Note 27 Use the Cisco Product Identification (CPI) tool to locate your product serial number before submitting a web or phone request for service. You can access the CPI tool from the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website by clicking the Tools & Resources link under Documentation & Tools. Choose Cisco Product Identification Tool from the Alphabetical Index drop-down list, or click the Cisco Product Identification Tool link under Alerts & RMAs. The CPI tool offers three search options: by product ID or model name; by tree view; or for certain products, by copying and pasting show command output. Search results show an illustration of your product with the serial number label location highlighted. Locate the serial number label on your product and record the information before placing a service call. Submitting a Service Request Using the online TAC Service Request Tool is the fastest way to open S3 and S4 service requests. (S3 and S4 service requests are those in which your network is minimally impaired or for which you require product information.) After you describe your situation, the TAC Service Request Tool provides recommended solutions. If your issue is not resolved using the recommended resources, your service request is assigned to a Cisco engineer. The TAC Service Request Tool is located at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/servicerequest For S1 or S2 service requests or if you do not have Internet access, contact the Cisco TAC by telephone. (S1 or S2 service requests are those in which your production network is down or severely degraded.) Cisco engineers are assigned immediately to S1 and S2 service requests to help keep your business operations running smoothly. To open a service request by telephone, use one of the following numbers: Asia-Pacific: +61 2 8446 7411 (Australia: 1 800 805 227)EMEA: +32 2 704 55 55USA: 1 800 553-2447 For a complete list of Cisco TAC contacts, go to this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/contacts Definitions of Service Request Severity To ensure that all service requests are reported in a standard format, Cisco has established severity definitions. Severity 1 (S1) – Your network is “down,” or there is a critical impact to your business operations. You and Cisco will commit all necessary resources around the clock to resolve the situation. Severity 2 (S2) – Operation of an existing network is severely degraded, or significant aspects of your business operation are negatively affected by inadequate performance of Cisco products. You and Cisco will commit full-time resources during normal business hours to resolve the situation. Severity 3 (S3) – Operational performance of your network is impaired, but most business operations remain functional. You and Cisco will commit resources during normal business hours to restore service to satisfactory levels. 28 Severity 4 (S4) – You require information or assistance with Cisco product capabilities, installation, or configuration. There is little or no effect on your business operations. Obtaining Additional Publications and Information Information about Cisco products, technologies, and network solutions is available from various online and printed sources. • Cisco Marketplace provides a variety of Cisco books, reference guides, documentation, and logo merchandise. Visit Cisco Marketplace, the company store, at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/ • Cisco Press publishes a wide range of general networking, training and certification titles. Both new and experienced users will benefit from these publications. For current Cisco Press titles and other information, go to Cisco Press at this URL: http://www.ciscopress.com • Packet magazine is the Cisco Systems technical user magazine for maximizing Internet and networking investments. Each quarter, Packet delivers coverage of the latest industry trends, technology breakthroughs, and Cisco products and solutions, as well as network deployment and troubleshooting tips, configuration examples, customer case studies, certification and training information, and links to scores of in-depth online resources. You can access Packet magazine at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/packet • iQ Magazine is the quarterly publication from Cisco Systems designed to help growing companies learn how they can use technology to increase revenue, streamline their business, and expand services. The publication identifies the challenges facing these companies and the technologies to help solve them, using real-world case studies and business strategies to help readers make sound technology investment decisions. You can access iQ Magazine at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/iqmagazine • or view the digital edition at this URL: http://ciscoiq.texterity.com/ciscoiq/sample/ • Internet Protocol Journal is a quarterly journal published by Cisco Systems for engineering professionals involved in designing, developing, and operating public and private internets and intranets. You can access the Internet Protocol Journal at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/ipj • Networking products offered by Cisco Systems, as well as customer support services, can be obtained at this URL: 29 http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/index.html • Networking Professionals Connection is an interactive website for networking professionals to share questions, suggestions, and information about networking products and technologies with Cisco experts and other networking professionals. Join a discussion at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/discuss/networking • World-class networking training is available from Cisco. You can view current offerings at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/index.html Definition List AES – Advanced Encryption Standard CMVP – Cryptographic Module Validation Program CSEC – Communications Security Establishment Canada CSP – Critical Security Parameter FIPS – Federal Information Processing Standard GDOI – Group Domain of Interpretation HMAC – Hash Message Authentication Code HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol IKE – Internet Key Exchange KAT – Known Answer Test LED – Light Emitting Diode MAC – Message Authentication Code NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology NVRAM – Non-Volatile Random Access Memory RAM – Random Access Memory RNG – Random Number Generator RSA – Rivest Shamir and Adleman method for asymmetric encryption SHA – Secure Hash Algorithm Triple-DES – Triple Data Encryption Standard 30