FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary Security Policy for the Cisco ASR 1002f, ASR 1002 with ESP5 or ESP10, ASR 1004 with RP 1 or RP 2 and ESP10 or ESP20, and ASR 1006 with dual RP 1 or RP 2 and dual ESP10 or ESP20 Firmware version: 2.4.2t Hardware versions: ASR1002f, ASR1002, ASR1004, ASR1006; Embedded Services Processor (ESP) Hardware versions: ASR1000-ESP5, ASR1000-ESP10, ASR1000- ESP20; Route Processor (RP) Hardware versions: ASR-1000-RP1, ASR-1000-RP2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 References ....................................................................................................................... 3 FIPS 140-2 Submission Package .................................................................................... 3 Module Description ............................................................................................................ 4 Cisco ASR (1002, 1004, and 1006) ................................................................................ 4 Embedded Services Processor (5Gbps, 10Gbps, 20Gbps) ............................................. 4 Router Processor (RP1, RP2).......................................................................................... 4 Module Validation Level ................................................................................................ 5 Cryptographic Boundary ..................................................................................................... 7 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces ....................................................................... 7 Roles, Services, and Authentication ................................................................................. 10 User Services ................................................................................................................ 10 Cryptographic Officer Services .................................................................................... 11 Unauthenticated User Services ..................................................................................... 11 Cryptographic Key/CSP Management .............................................................................. 12 Cryptographic Algorithms ................................................................................................ 16 Approved Cryptographic Algorithms ........................................................................... 16 Non-Approved Algorithms allowed for use in FIPS-mode .......................................... 17 Non-Approved Algorithms ........................................................................................... 17 Self-Tests ...................................................................................................................... 18 Physical Security ............................................................................................................... 19 Tamper Evidence .......................................................................................................... 19 Module Opacity ............................................................................................................ 23 Installing the Opacity Shield on the Cisco ASR 1002, ASR 1004, or ASR 1006 .... 23 Secure Operation ............................................................................................................... 26 System Initialization and Configuration ....................................................................... 26 IPSec Requirements and Cryptographic Algorithms .................................................... 27 Protocols ....................................................................................................................... 27 Remote Access .............................................................................................................. 27 Related Documentation ..................................................................................................... 28 Obtaining Documentation ................................................................................................. 28 Cisco.com...................................................................................................................... 28 Product Documentation DVD ....................................................................................... 28 Ordering Documentation .............................................................................................. 29 Documentation Feedback.................................................................................................. 29 Cisco Product Security Overview ..................................................................................... 29 Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products ........................................................... 30 Obtaining Technical Assistance ........................................................................................ 30 Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website ................................................... 30 Submitting a Service Request ....................................................................................... 31 Definitions of Service Request Severity ....................................................................... 31 Obtaining Additional Publications and Information ......................................................... 32 Definition List ................................................................................................................... 33 © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 2 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Introduction This is a non-proprietary Cryptographic Module Security Policy for the ASR 1002f, ASR 1002 with ESP5 or ESP10, ASR 1004 with RP 1 or RP 2 and ESP10 or ESP20, and ASR 1006 with dual RP 1 or RP 2 and dual ESP10 or ESP20 from Cisco Systems, Inc., referred to in this document as the modules, routers, or by their specific model name. This security policy describes how modules meet the security requirements of FIPS 140-2 and how to run the modules in a FIPS 140-2 mode of operation. FIPS 140-2 (Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 140-2 -- Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules) details the U.S. Government requirements for cryptographic modules. More information about the FIPS 140-2 standard and validation program is available on the NIST website at http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/index.html. References This document deals only with operations and capabilities of the module in the technical terms of a FIPS 140-2 cryptographic module security policy. More information is available on the module from the following sources: · The Cisco Systems website (http://www.cisco.com) contains information on the full line of products from Cisco Systems. · The NIST Cryptographic Module Validation Program website (http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/index.html) contains contact information for answers to technical or sales-related questions for the module. FIPS 140-2 Submission Package The security policy document is one document in a FIPS 140-2 Submission Package. In addition to this document, the submission package includes: · Vendor Evidence · Finite State Machine · Other supporting documentation as additional references With the exception of this non-proprietary security policy, the FIPS 140-2 validation documentation is proprietary to Cisco Systems, Inc. and is releasable only under appropriate non-disclosure agreements. For access to these documents, please contact Cisco Systems, Inc. See "Obtaining Technical Assistance" section for more information. © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 3 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Module Description Cisco ASR (1002, 1004, and 1006) The Cisco ASR 1000 Series Router (ASR 1002f, ASR 1002, ASR 1004, ASR 1006) is a highly scalable WAN and Internet Edge router platform that delivers embedded hardware acceleration for multiple Cisco IOS XE Software services without the need for separate service blades. In addition, the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Router is designed for business- class resiliency, featuring redundant Route and Embedded Services Processors, as well as software-based redundancy. With routing performance and IPsec VPN acceleration around ten-fold that of previous midrange aggregation routers with services enabled, the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers provides a cost-effective approach to meet the latest services aggregation requirement. This is accomplished while still leveraging existing network designs and operational best practices. The router also supports GDOI-based GetVPN services. Embedded Services Processor (5Gbps, 10Gbps, 20Gbps) The Cisco ASR 1000 Series Embedded Service Processors (ESPs) are based on the innovative, industry-leading Cisco QuantumFlow Processor for next-generation forwarding and queuing in silicon. These components use the first generation of the hardware and software architecture known as Cisco QuantumFlow Processor. The 5-, 10-, and 20-Gbps Cisco ASR 1000 Series ESPs provide centralized forwarding- engine options for the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers. The Cisco ASR 1000 Series ESPs are responsible for the data-plane processing tasks, and all network traffic flows through them. The modules perform all baseline packet routing operations, including MAC classification, Layer 2 and Layer 3 forwarding, quality-of- service (QoS) classification, policing and shaping, security access control lists (ACLs), VPN, load balancing, and NetFlow. Router Processor (RP1, RP2) The Cisco ASR 1000 Series Route Processors address the route-processing requirements of carrier-grade IP and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) packet infrastructures. Not only do they provide advanced routing capabilities, but they also monitor and manage the other components in the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Router. The validated platforms consist of the following components: · Cisco ASR 1002f ­ ASR1002f · Cisco ASR 1002 ­ ASR1002 · Cisco ASR 1004 ­ ASR1004 © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 4 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. · Cisco ASR 1006 ­ ASR1006 · Embedded Services Processor (5Gbps) ­ ASR1000-ESP5 · Embedded Services Processor (10Gbps) ­ ASR1000-ESP10 · Embedded Services Processor (20Gbps) ­ ASR1000-ESP20 · Route Processor 1 ­ ASR-1000-RP1 · Route Processor 2 ­ ASR-1000-RP2 Model Firmware Hardware Configuration Integrated RP Cisco ASR 1002f Integrated ESP Integrated RP Single ESP (5Gbps) Cisco ASR 1002 Integrated RP Single ESP (10Gbps) Single RP 1 Single ESP (10Gbps) Single RP 1 Single ESP (20Gbps) Cisco ASR 1004 Single RP 2 2.4.2t Single ESP (10Gbps) Single RP 2 Single ESP (20Gbps) Dual RP 1 Dual ESP (10Gbps) Dual RP 1 Dual ESP (20Gbps) Cisco ASR 1006 Dual RP 2 Dual ESP (10Gbps) Dual RP 2 Dual ESP (20Gbps) Table 1: Module Hardware Configurations Module Validation Level The following table lists the level of validation for each area in the FIPS PUB 140-2. No. Area Title Level 1 Cryptographic Module Specification 2 2 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 2 3 Roles, Services, and Authentication 3 4 Finite State Model 2 5 Physical Security 2 6 Operational Environment N/A 7 Cryptographic Key management 2 © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 5 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. 8 Electromagnetic Interface/Electromagnetic Compatibility 2 9 Self-Tests 2 10 Design Assurance 3 11 Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A Overall Overall module validation level 2 Table 2: Module Validation Level © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 6 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Cryptographic Boundary The cryptographic boundary for the ASR 1002f, ASR 1002 with ESP5 or ESP10, ASR 1004 with RP 1 or RP 2 and ESP10 or ESP20, and ASR 1006 with dual RP 1 or RP 2 and dual ESP10 or ESP20 is defined as encompassing the "top," "front," "left," "right," and "bottom" surfaces of the case; all portions of the "backplane" of the case which are not designed to accommodate a removable port adapter; and space within the case that would be occupied by an installed port adapter. The cryptographic boundary includes the connection apparatus between the port adapter and the board that hosts the port adapter, but the boundary does not include the port adapter itself. In other words, the cryptographic boundary encompasses all hardware components within the case of the device except any installed modular port adapter. Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces Each module provides a number of physical and logical interfaces to the device, and the physical interfaces provided by the module are mapped to four FIPS 140-2 defined logical interfaces: data input, data output, control input, and status output. The logical interfaces and their mapping are described in the following tables: Physical Interfaces FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces Port Adapter Interface (3) Data Input Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Port Adapter Interface (3) Data Output Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Port Adapter Interface (3) Control Input Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 BITS Ethernet Port (1 per RP) 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Power Switch Port Adapter Interface (3) Status Output Interface LEDs USB Ports (Up to 2) Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Power Plug Power interface Table 3: ASR 1002f NOTE: The ASR1002f module includes four GigE Ports in the front of the panel. These ports are covered by FIPS tamper evident labels. The ports are considered to be disabled since the tamper evident labels make them physically inaccessible. © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 7 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Physical Interfaces FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces Port Adapter Interface (3) Data Input Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Port Adapter Interface (3) Data Output Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Port Adapter Interface (3) Control Input Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 BITS Ethernet Port (1 per RP) 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Power Switch Port Adapter Interface (3) Status Output Interface LEDs USB Ports (Up to 2) Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Power Plug Power interface Table 4: ASR 1002 with ESP5 or ESP10 NOTE: The ASR1002 with ESP5 or ESP10 module includes four GigE Ports in the front of the panel. These ports are covered by FIPS tamper evident labels. The ports are considered to be disabled since the tamper evident labels make them physically inaccessible. Physical Interfaces FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces Port Adapter Interface (8) Data Input Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Port Adapter Interface (8) Data Output Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Port Adapter Interface (8) Control Input Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 BITS Ethernet Port (1 per RP) 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Power Switch Port Adapter Interface (8) Status Output Interface © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 8 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Physical Interfaces FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces LEDs USB Ports (Up to 2) Console Port Auxiliary Port 10/100 Management Ethernet Port Power Plug Power interface Table 5: ASR 1004 with RP 1 or RP 2 and ESP10 or ESP20 Physical Interfaces FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces Port Adapter Interface (12) Data Input Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port (1 per RP) 10/100 Management Ethernet Port (1 per RP) Port Adapter Interface (12) Data Output Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port (1 per RP) 10/100 Management Ethernet Port (1 per RP) Power Switch Port Adapter Interface (12) Control Input Interface Console Port Auxiliary Port (1 per RP) 10/100 BITS Ethernet Port (1 per RP) 10/100 Management Ethernet Port (1 per RP) Port Adapter Interface (12) Status Output Interface LEDs USB Ports (Up to 2 per RP) Console Port Auxiliary Port (1 per RP) 10/100 Management Ethernet Port (1 per RP) Power Plug Power interface Table 6: ASR 1006 with dual RP 1 or RP 2 and dual ESP10 or ESP20 © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 9 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Roles, Services, and Authentication Authentication is identity-based. Each user is authenticated upon initial access to the module. There are two main roles in the router that operators may assume: the Crypto Officer role and the User role. The administrator of the router assumes the Crypto Officer role in order to configure and maintain the router using Crypto Officer services, while the Users exercise only the basic User services. The module supports RADIUS and TACACS+ for authentication. A complete description of all the management and configuration capabilities of the modules can be found in the Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers Software Configuration Guide Manual and in the online help for the modules. The User and Crypto Officer passwords and all shared secrets must each be at least eight (8) characters long, including at least one letter and at least one number character, in length (enforced procedurally). See the Secure Operation section for more information. If six (6) integers, one (1) special character and one (1) alphabet are used without repetition for an eight (8) digit PIN, the probability of randomly guessing the correct sequence is one (1) in 832,000,000. In order to successfully guess the sequence in one minute would require the ability to make over 13,000,000 guesses per second, which far exceeds the operational capabilities of the module. Including the rest of the alphanumeric characters drastically decreases the odds of guessing the correct sequence." Additionally, when using RSA based authentication, RSA key pair has modulus size of 1024 bit to 2048 bit, thus providing between 80 bits and 112 bits of strength. Assuming the low end of that range, an attacker would have a 1 in 280 chance of randomly obtaining the key, which is much stronger than the one in a million chance required by FIPS 140-2. To exceed a one in 100,000 probability of a successful random key guess in one minute, an attacker would have to be capable of approximately 1.8x1021 attempts per minute, which far exceeds the operational capabilities of the modules to support. User Services A User enters the system by accessing the console/auxiliary port with a terminal program or SSH v2 session to a LAN port or the 10/100 management Ethernet port. The module prompts the User for their username/password combination. If the username/password combination is correct, the User is allowed entry to the module management functionality. The services available to the User role consist of the following: · Status Functions - View state of interfaces and protocols, firmware version · Terminal Functions - Adjust the terminal session (e.g., lock the terminal, adjust flow control) · Directory Services - Display directory of files kept in memory · Perform Self-Tests ­ Perform the FIPS 140 start-up tests on demand · Perform Cryptography ­ Use the cryptography provided by the module (e.g., IPSec and GDOI) © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 10 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Cryptographic Officer Services A Crypto Officer enters the system by accessing the console/auxiliary port with a terminal program or SSH v2 session to a LAN port or the 10/100 management Ethernet port. The Crypto Officer authenticates in the same manner as a User. The Crypto Officer is identified by accounts that have a privilege level 15 (versus the privilege level 1 for users). A Crypto Officer may assign permission to access the Crypto Officer role to additional accounts, thereby creating additional Crypto Officers. The Crypto Officer role is responsible for the configuration and maintenance of the router. The Crypto Officer services consist of the following: · Configure the module - Define network interfaces and settings, create command aliases, set the protocols the router will support, enable interfaces and network services, set system date and time, and load authentication information. · Define Rules and Filters - Create packet Filters that are applied to User data streams on each interface. Each Filter consists of a set of Rules, which define a set of packets to permit or deny based characteristics such as protocol ID, addresses, ports, TCP connection establishment, or packet direction. · Status Functions - View the module configuration, routing tables, active sessions, use get commands to view SNMP MIB statistics, health, temperature, memory status, voltage, packet statistics, review accounting logs, and view physical interface status. · Manage the module - Log off users, shutdown or reload the router, manually back up router configurations, view complete configurations, manager user rights, initiate power-on self tests on demand and restore router configurations. · Set Encryption/Bypass - Set up the configuration tables for IP tunneling. Set keys and algorithms to be used for each IP range or allow plaintext packets to be set from specified IP address. · Perform Self-Tests ­ Perform the FIPS 140 start-up tests on demand Unauthenticated User Services The services for someone without an authorized role are to view the status output from the module's LED pins, perform bypass services and cycle power. © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 11 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Cryptographic Key/CSP Management The module securely administers both cryptographic keys and other critical security parameters such as passwords. The tamper evidence seals provide physical protection for all keys. All keys are also protected by the password-protection on the Crypto Officer operator logins, and can be zeroized by the Crypto Officer. All zeroization consists of overwriting the memory that stored the key. Keys are exchanged and entered electronically or via Internet Key Exchange (IKE). The module supports the following critical security parameters (CSPs): CSP Name Alg. Key Size Description Storage Zeroization #1 RNG ANSI 64-bits This RNG seed is created from DRAM Automatically Seed X9.31 several entropy sources throughout (plaintext) every 400 bytes, (IOS XE) RNG the module, including, contents of or turn off the recent packets, recent statistics from router. the module, the exact time since boot (in microseconds), and recent RNG output. #2 RNG ANSI 64-bits This is the seed for Nitrox resident DRAM Zeroized with Seed X9.31 X9.31 RNG. This seed is created (plaintext) generation of (Nitrox) RNG from Nitrox hardware entropy new seed sources. #3 RNG ANSI 168-bits This RNG seed key is created from DRAM Automatically Seed Key X9.31 several entropy sources throughout (plaintext) every 400 bytes, (IOS XE) RNG the module, including, contents of or turn off the recent packets, recent statistics from router. the module, the exact time since boot (in microseconds), and recent RNG output. #4 RNG ANSI 168-bits This is the seed key for Nitrox DRAM Zeroized with Seed Key X9.31 resident X9.31 RNG. This seed is (plaintext) generation of (Nitrox) RNG created from Nitrox hardware entropy new seed sources. #5 Diffie- DH 1024 ­ 2048 The shared exponent used in Diffie- DRAM Zeroized upon Hellman bits Hellman (DH) exchange. Created per (plaintext) deletion. Shared the Diffie-Hellman protocol. Secret #6 Diffie DH 1024 ­ 2048 The private exponent used in Diffie- DRAM Zeroized upon Hellman bits Hellman (DH) exchange. This CSP is (plaintext) deletion. private created using the ANSI X9.31 RNG exponent (Nitrox). #7 skeyid Keyed 160-bits Value derived per the IKE protocol DRAM Automatically SHA-1 based on the peer authentication (plaintext) after IKE method chosen. session terminated. #8 skeyid_d Keyed 160-bits The IKE key derivation key for non DRAM Automatically SHA-1 ISAKMP security associations. (plaintext) after IKE © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 12 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. CSP Name Alg. Key Size Description Storage Zeroization session terminated. #9 IKE TDES/A 168- The IKE session encrypt key. This DRAM Automatically session ES bits/256-bits key is created per the Internet Key (plaintext) after IKE encrypt Exchange Key Establishment session key protocol. terminated. #10 IKE SHA-1 160-bits The IKE session authentication key. DRAM Automatically session HMAC This key is created per the Internet (plaintext) after IKE authentic Key Exchange Key Establishment session ation key protocol. terminated. #11 ISAKMP Secret At least The key used to generate IKE skeyid NVRAM # no crypto preshared eight during preshared-key authentication. (plaintext) isakmp key characters # no crypto isakmp key command zeroizes it. This key can have two forms based on whether the key is related to the hostname or the IP address. This CSP is entered by the Cryptographic Officer. #12 IKE RSA RSA 1024 ­ 2048 The key used in IKE authentication. # NVRAM # crypto key Private (Private bits crypto key zeroize rsa command (plaintext) zeroize rsa Key Key) zeroizes it. #13 IPSec TDES/A 168- The IPSec encryption key. This key is DRAM Automatically encryptio ES bits/256-bits created per the Internet Key (plaintext) when IPSec n key Exchange Key Establishment session protocol. terminated. #14 IPSec SHA-1 160-bits The IPSec authentication key. This DRAM Automatically authentic HMAC key is created per the Internet Key (plaintext) when IPSec ation key Exchange Key Establishment session protocol. terminated. #15 Operator Shared At least The password of the operator. This NVRAM Overwrite with password Secret eight CSP is entered by the Cryptographic (plaintext) new password characters Officer. #16 Enable Shared At least The plaintext password of the CO NVRAM Overwrite with password Secret eight role. This CSP is entered by the (plaintext) new password characters Cryptographic Officer. #17 Enable Shared At least The obfuscated password of the CO NVRAM Overwrite with secret Secret eight role. However, the algorithm used to (plaintext) new password characters obfuscate this password is not FIPS approved. Therefore, this password is considered plaintext for FIPS purposes. This password is zeroized by overwriting it with a new password. The Cryptographic Operator optionally configures the module to obfuscate the Enable password. This CSP is entered by the Cryptographic Officer. © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 13 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. CSP Name Alg. Key Size Description Storage Zeroization #18 RADIUS Shared At least The RADIUS shared secret. This NVRAM # no radius- secret Secret eight CSP is entered by the Cryptographic (plaintext), server key characters Officer. DRAM (plaintext) #19 TACACS Shared At least The TACACS+ shared secret. This NVRAM # no tacacs- + secret Secret eight CSP is entered by the by the (plaintext), server key characters Cryptographic Officer. DRAM (plaintext) #20 SSH RSA 1024 ­ 2048 The SSH private key for the module. NVRAM SSH private key Private bits RSA key sizes 1024 - 2048 bits. (plaintext) is zeroized by Key either deletion (via # crypto key zeroize rsa) or by overwriting with a new value of the key #21 SSH TDES/A 168- The SSH session key. This key is DRAM Automatically Session ES bits/256-bits created through SSH key (plaintext) when the SSH Key establishment. session is terminated. #22 GDOI TDES/A 168- This key is created using the DRAM Automatically Data ES bits/256-bits "GROUPKEY-PULL" registration (plaintext) when session Security protocol with GDOI. terminated. Key (TEK) #23 GDOI TDES/A 168- This key is created using the DRAM Automatically Group ES bits/256-bits "GROUPKEY-PUSH" registration (plaintext) when session Key protocol with GDOI. terminated. Encryptin g Key (KEK) Table 7: CSP Table The services accessing the CSPs, the type of access ­ read (r), write (w) and zeroized/delete (d) ­ and which role accesses the CSPs are listed below. CSP #10 CSP #11 CSP #12 CSP #13 CSP #14 CSP #15 CSP #16 CSP #17 CSP #18 CSP #19 CSP #20 CSP #21 CSP #22 CSP #23 CSP #2 CSP #3 CSP #4 CSP #5 CSP #6 CSP #7 CSP #8 CSP #9 CSP #1 CSP Role/Service User Role Network Function r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r Status Function Terminal Function Directory Services © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 14 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. CO Role Configure the module Define Rules and Filters Status Functions Manage the d d d d d r r r r r r r r r module w w w w w w w w w d d d d d d d d d Set Encryption/ r r r r r r r r r r r r r r Bypass w w w w w w w w w w w w w w d d d d d d d d d d d d d Table 8: Role CSP Access © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 15 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Cryptographic Algorithms Approved Cryptographic Algorithms The Cisco ASR 1000 supports many different cryptographic algorithms. However, only FIPS approved algorithms may be used while in the FIPS mode of operation. The following table identifies the approved algorithms included in the ASR 1000 for use in the FIPS mode of operation. Algorithm Supported Mode Cert. # IOS XE (Route Processor 1) AES CBC (128, 192, 256) 1250 SHS (SHA-1) Byte Oriented 1147 HMAC SHA-1 Byte Oriented 730 RNG (ANSI X9.31) Triple-DES 695 RSA PKCS#1 v.1.5, 512-2048 bit key 599 Triple-DES CBC 894 IOS XE (Route Processor 2) AES CBC (128, 192, 256) 1250 SHS (SHA-1) Byte Oriented 1147 HMAC SHA-1 Byte Oriented 730 RNG (ANSI X9.31) Triple-DES 695 RSA PKCS#1 v.1.5, 512-2048 bit key 599 Triple-DES CBC 894 Nitrox 2420 (Embedded Services Processor (ESP5)) AES CBC (128, 192, 256) 333 SHS (SHA-1) Byte Oriented 408 HMAC SHA-1 Byte Oriented 137 RNG (ANSI X9.31) Triple-DES (EDE) 154 Triple-DES KO 1, CBC 398 Nitrox 2435 (Embedded Services Processor (ESP10)) AES CBC (128, 192, 256) 333 SHS (SHA-1) Byte Oriented 408 HMAC SHA-1 Byte Oriented 137 RNG (ANSI X9.31) Triple-DES (EDE) 154 Triple-DES KO 1, CBC 398 Nitrox 2450 (Embedded Services Processor (ESP20)) AES CBC (128, 192, 256) 333 SHS (SHA-1) Byte Oriented 408 HMAC SHA-1 Byte Oriented 137 RNG (ANSI X9.31) Triple-DES (EDE) 154 Triple-DES KO 1, CBC 398 Table 9: FIPS-Approved Algorithms for use in FIPS Mode © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 16 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Non-Approved Algorithms allowed for use in FIPS-mode The ASR 1000 cryptographic module implements the following non-Approved algorithms that are allowed for use in FIPS-mode: · Diffie-Hellman ­ provides between 80 and 156-bits of encryption strength · RSA Key Wrapping ­ provides between 80 and 156-bits of encryption strength Non-Approved Algorithms The ASR 1000 cryptographic module implements the following non-Approved algorithms: · ROMMON (Route Processor 1) o SHA-1 (non-compliant) · ROMMON (Route Processor 2) o SHA-1 (non-compliant) · ROMMON (Embedded Services Processor ­ ESP5/ESP10/ESP20) o SHA-1 (non-compliant) · IOS XE (Route Processor 1) o MD5, DES, HMAC MD5, RC4 ­ May not be used in FIPS mode · IOS XE (Route Processor 2) o MD5, DES, HMAC MD5, RC4 ­ May not be used in FIPS mode · Nitrox 2420 (Embedded Services Processor (ESP5)) o MD5, DES, HMAC MD5, RC4 ­ May not be used in FIPS mode · Nitrox 2435 (Embedded Services Processor (ESP10)) o MD5, DES, HMAC MD5, RC4 ­ May not be used in FIPS mode · Nitrox 2450 (Embedded Services Processor (ESP20)) o MD5, DES, HMAC MD5, RC4 ­ May not be used in FIPS mode The modules support the following key establishment schemes1: · SSH key establishment · Internet Key Exchange Key Establishment (IKEv1) · GDOI Key Establishment 1 In addition to Diffie-Hellman listed above. © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 17 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Self-Tests The modules include an array of self-tests that are run during startup and periodically during operations to prevent any secure data from being released and to insure all components are functioning correctly. The modules implement the following power-on self-tests: · Route Processor (RP1 and RP2) o Known Answer Tests: AES KAT, SHS KAT, HMAC KAT, Triple-DES, RNG KAT, RSA KAT o Firmware Integrity Test (ROMMON SHS) · Embedded Services Processor (ESP5, ESP10, ESP20) o Known Answer Tests: AES KAT, SHS KAT, HMAC KAT, Triple-DES, RNG KAT, RSA KAT o Firmware Integrity Test The modules perform all power-on self-tests automatically at boot. All power-on self- tests must be passed before any operator can perform cryptographic services. The power- on self-tests are performed after the cryptographic systems are initialized but prior any other operations; this prevents the module from passing any data during a power-on self- test failure. In addition, the modules also provide the following conditional self-tests: · Route Processor (RP 1 and RP 2) o Continuous Random Number Generator test for the FIPS-approved RNG o Continuous Random Number Generator test for the non-approved RNG o Pair-Wise Consistency Test o Conditional Bypass Test · Embedded Services Processor (ESP5, ESP10, ESP20) o Continuous Random Number Generator test for the FIPS-approved RNG o Continuous Random Number Generator test for the non-approved RNG o Conditional Bypass Test © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 18 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Physical Security This module is a multi-chip standalone cryptographic module. The FIPS 140-2 level 2 physical security requirements for the modules are met by the use of opacity shields covering the front panels of modules to provide the required opacity and tamper evident seals to provide the required tamper evidence. The following sections illustrate the physical security provided by the module. The module relies upon Tamper Evident Labels and Opacity Shields (Cisco Part No. ASR1002-FIPS-Kit= (ASR 1002 and ASR 1002F), ASR1004-FIPS-Kit= (ASR 1004), ASR1006-FIPS-Kit= (ASR 1006)). Tamper Evidence Once the module has been configured to meet FIPS 140-2 Level 2 requirements, the module cannot be accessed without signs of tampering. The Crypto Officer shall be instructed to record serial numbers, and to inspect for these signs of tampering or changed numbers periodically. The modules require the following number of labels · ASR 1002 ­ 11 labels · ASR 1002f ­ 9 labels · ASR 1004 ­ 18 labels · ASR 1006 ­ 32 labels Each module requires an additional two labels placed on the opacity shields, which are not counted in the above total. Please see the Module Opacity section below for details. To seal the system, apply serialized tamper-evidence labels as depicted in Figures 1-8 below: © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 19 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 1: ASR 1002 Tamper Evident Seal Placement Front (w/o shield) Figure 2: ASR 1002 Tamper Evident Seal Placement Top Figure 3: ASR 1002f Tamper Evident Seal Placement Front (w/o shield) © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 20 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 4: ASR 1002f Tamper Evident Seal Placement Top Figure 5: ASR 1004 Tamper Evident Seal Placement Front © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 21 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 6:ASR 1004 Tamper Evident Seal Placement Back Figure 7: ASR 1006 Tamper Evident Seal Placement Front © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 22 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 8: ASR 1006 Tamper Evident Seal Placement Back Module Opacity The modules require that a special opacity shield be installed over front panel of the modules in order to operate in FIPS-approved mode. The shield decreases the surface area of the vent holes, reducing visibility within the cryptographic boundary to FIPS- approved specifications. Installing the Opacity Shield on the Cisco ASR 1002, ASR 1004, or ASR 1006 To install an opacity shield on the Cisco ASR 1002, ASR1002f, ASR 1004, or ASR 1006, follow these steps: · Step 1: The opacity shield is designed to be installed on a Cisco ASR 1002, ASR1002f, ASR 1004, or ASR 1006 router chassis that is already rack-mounted. · Step 2: Open the FIPS kit packaging. The kit contains the following items: o A packaged opacity shield assembly with installation hardware for the Cisco ASR 1002, ASR 1004, or ASR 1006, as appropriate. o An envelope with FIPS tamper evident labels. o An envelope containing a disposable ESD wrist strap. · Step 3: Open the protective packaging and remove the opacity shield. · Step 4: Remove the sticker cover on the back of the opacity shield. · Step 5: Line up the opacity shield with the rack mount screw holes on the router, and press it against the chassis of the router. · Step 6: Tighten the screws until the opacity shield is firmly attached to the module. © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 23 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. · Step 7: Before applying tamper evident labels (either for the first time or subsequent re-application), clean the surfaces with solvent agent (i.e. acetone) to ensure a clean, residue free surface for label application. · Step 8: Place tamper evident labels over screws as shown in Figures 9-12. Figure 9: ASR 1002 with Opacity Shield Installed Figure 10: ASR 1002f with Opacity Shield Installed © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 24 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Figure 11: ASR 1004 with Opacity Shield Installed Figure 12: ASR 1006 with Opacity Shield Installed © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 25 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Secure Operation System Initialization and Configuration Step1 - The value of the boot field must be 0x0102. This setting disables break from the console to the ROM monitor and automatically boots. From the " configure terminal " command line, the Crypto Officer enters the following syntax: config-register 0x0102 Step 2 - The Crypto Officer must create the " enable " password for the Crypto Officer role. Procedurally, the password must be at least 8 characters, including at least one letter and at least one number, and is entered when the Crypto Officer first engages the " enable " command. The Crypto Officer enters the following syntax at the " # " prompt: enable secret [PASSWORD] Step 3 - The Crypto Officer must set up the operators of the module. The Crypto Officer enters the following syntax at the " # " prompt: Username [USERNAME] Password [PASSWORD] Step 4 ­ For the created operators, the Crypto Officer must always assign passwords (of at least 8 characters, including at least one letter and at least one number) to users. Identification and authentication on the console/auxiliary port is required for Users. From the " c onfigure terminal " command line, the Crypto Officer enters the following syntax: line con 0 password [PASSWORD] login local Step 5 - The Crypto Officer may configure the module to use RADIUS or TACACS+ for authentication. Configuring the module to use RADIUS or TACACS+ for authentication is optional. If the module is configured to use RADIUS or TACACS+, the Crypto-Officer must define RADIUS or TACACS+ shared secret keys that are at least 8 characters long, including at least one letter and at least one number. Step 6 - The Crypto Officer must apply tamper evidence labels as described earlier in this document. Step 7 - Dual IOS mode is not allowed. ROMMON variable IOSXE_DUAL_IOS must be set to 0. Step 8 - In service software upgrade (ISSU) is not allowed. The operator should not perform in service software upgrade of an ASR1000 FIPS validated firmware image © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 26 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Step 9 - Use of the debug.conf file is not allowed. The operator should not create the bootflash:/debug.conf file and use it for setting environment variables values. NOTE: The keys and CSPs generated in the cryptographic module during FIPS mode of operation cannot be used when the module transitions to non-FIPS mode and vice versa. While the module transitions from FIPS to non-FIPS mode or from non-FIPS to FIPS mode, all the keys and CSPs are to be zeroized by the Crypto Officer. IPSec Requirements and Cryptographic Algorithms Step 1 - The only type of key management that is allowed in FIPS mode is Internet Key Exchange (IKE). Step 2 - Although the IOS implementation of IKE allows a number of algorithms, only the following algorithms are allowed in a FIPS 140-2 configuration: · ah-sha-hmac · esp-sha-hmac · esp-3des · esp-aes · esp-aes-192 · esp-aes-256 Step 3 - The following algorithms shall not be used: · MD-5 for signing · MD-5 HMAC · DES Protocols Step 1 - SNMP v3 over a secure IPSec tunnel may be employed for authenticated, secure SNMP gets and sets. Since SNMP v2C uses community strings for authentication, only gets are allowed under SNMP v2C. Step 2 - Secure DNS is not allowed in FIPS mode of operation and shall not be configured. Remote Access SSH access to the module is allowed in FIPS approved mode of operation, using SSH v2 and a FIPS approved algorithm. TLS communications with the module is not allowed in FIPS approved mode. TLS cannot be used in FIPS-mode of operation. © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 27 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Related Documentation This document deals only with operations and capabilities of the security appliances in the technical terms of a FIPS 140-2 cryptographic device security policy. More information is available on the security appliances from the sources listed in this section and from the following source: · The NIST Cryptographic Module Validation Program website (http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/index.html) contains contact information for answers to technical or sales-related questions for the security appliances. Obtaining Documentation Cisco documentation and additional literature are available on Cisco.com. Cisco also provides several ways to obtain technical assistance and other technical resources. These sections explain how to obtain technical information from Cisco Systems. Cisco.com You can access the most current Cisco documentation at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport You can access the Cisco website at this URL: http://www.cisco.com You can access international Cisco websites at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml Product Documentation DVD Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in the Product Documentation DVD package, which may have shipped with your product. The Product Documentation DVD is updated regularly and may be more current than printed documentation. The Product Documentation DVD is a comprehensive library of technical product documentation on portable media. The DVD enables you to access multiple versions of hardware and software installation, configuration, and command guides for Cisco products and to view technical documentation in HTML. With the DVD, you have access to the same documentation that is found on the Cisco website without being connected to the Internet. Certain products also have .pdf versions of the documentation available. The Product Documentation DVD is available as a single unit or as a subscription. Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order a Product Documentation DVD (product number DOC-DOCDVD=) from Cisco Marketplace at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/ © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 28 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Ordering Documentation Beginning June 30, 2005, registered Cisco.com users may order Cisco documentation at the Product Documentation Store in the Cisco Marketplace at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/ Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order technical documentation from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (0800 to 1700) PDT by calling 1 866 463-3487 in the United States and Canada, or elsewhere by calling 011 408 519-5055. You can also order documentation by e-mail at tech-doc-store-mkpl@external.cisco.com or by fax at 1 408 519-5001 in the United States and Canada, or elsewhere at 011 408 519-5001. Documentation Feedback You can rate and provide feedback about Cisco technical documents by completing the online feedback form that appears with the technical documents on Cisco.com. You can send comments about Cisco documentation to bug-doc@cisco.com. You can submit comments by using the response card (if present) behind the front cover of your document or by writing to the following address: Cisco Systems Attn: Customer Document Ordering 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-9883 We appreciate your comments. Cisco Product Security Overview Cisco provides a free online Security Vulnerability Policy portal at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html From this site, you can perform these tasks: · Report security vulnerabilities in Cisco products. · Obtain assistance with security incidents that involve Cisco products. · Register to receive security information from Cisco. A current list of security advisories and notices for Cisco products is available at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt If you prefer to see advisories and notices as they are updated in real time, you can access a Product Security Incident Response Team Really Simple Syndication (PSIRT RSS) feed from this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_psirt_rss_feed.html © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 29 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products Cisco is committed to delivering secure products. We test our products internally before we release them, and we strive to correct all vulnerabilities quickly. If you think that you might have identified a vulnerability in a Cisco product, contact PSIRT: · Emergencies -- security-alert@cisco.com An emergency is either a condition in which a system is under active attack or a condition for which a severe and urgent security vulnerability should be reported. All other conditions are considered nonemergencies. · Nonemergencies -- psirt@cisco.com In an emergency, you can also reach PSIRT by telephone: · 1 877 228-7302 · 1 408 525-6532 Tip We encourage you to use Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) or a compatible product to encrypt any sensitive information that you send to Cisco. PSIRT can work from encrypted information that is compatible with PGP versions 2.x through 8.x. Never use a revoked or an expired encryption key. The correct public key to use in your correspondence with PSIRT is the one linked in the Contact Summary section of the Security Vulnerability Policy page at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html The link on this page has the current PGP key ID in use. Obtaining Technical Assistance Cisco Technical Support provides 24-hour-a-day award-winning technical assistance. The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website on Cisco.com features extensive online support resources. In addition, if you have a valid Cisco service contract, Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) engineers provide telephone support. If you do not have a valid Cisco service contract, contact your reseller. Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website provides online documents and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. The website is available 24 hours a day, at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Access to all tools on the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. If you have a valid service contract but do not have a user ID or password, you can register at this URL: http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do Note © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 30 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Use the Cisco Product Identification (CPI) tool to locate your product serial number before submitting a web or phone request for service. You can access the CPI tool from the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website by clicking the Tools & Resources link under Documentation & Tools. Choose Cisco Product Identification Tool from the Alphabetical Index drop-down list, or click the Cisco Product Identification Tool link under Alerts & RMAs. The CPI tool offers three search options: by product ID or model name; by tree view; or for certain products, by copying and pasting show command output. Search results show an illustration of your product with the serial number label location highlighted. Locate the serial number label on your product and record the information before placing a service call. Submitting a Service Request Using the online TAC Service Request Tool is the fastest way to open S3 and S4 service requests. (S3 and S4 service requests are those in which your network is minimally impaired or for which you require product information.) After you describe your situation, the TAC Service Request Tool provides recommended solutions. If your issue is not resolved using the recommended resources, your service request is assigned to a Cisco engineer. The TAC Service Request Tool is located at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/servicerequest For S1 or S2 service requests or if you do not have Internet access, contact the Cisco TAC by telephone. (S1 or S2 service requests are those in which your production network is down or severely degraded.) Cisco engineers are assigned immediately to S1 and S2 service requests to help keep your business operations running smoothly. To open a service request by telephone, use one of the following numbers: Asia-Pacific: +61 2 8446 7411 (Australia: 1 800 805 227)EMEA: +32 2 704 55 55USA: 1 800 553-2447 For a complete list of Cisco TAC contacts, go to this URL: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/contacts Definitions of Service Request Severity To ensure that all service requests are reported in a standard format, Cisco has established severity definitions. Severity 1 (S1) ­ Your network is "down," or there is a critical impact to your business operations. You and Cisco will commit all necessary resources around the clock to resolve the situation. Severity 2 (S2) ­ Operation of an existing network is severely degraded, or significant aspects of your business operation are negatively affected by inadequate performance of Cisco products. You and Cisco will commit full-time resources during normal business hours to resolve the situation. Severity 3 (S3) ­ Operational performance of your network is impaired, but most business operations remain functional. You and Cisco will commit resources during normal business hours to restore service to satisfactory levels. © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 31 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Severity 4 (S4) ­ You require information or assistance with Cisco product capabilities, installation, or configuration. There is little or no effect on your business operations. Obtaining Additional Publications and Information Information about Cisco products, technologies, and network solutions is available from various online and printed sources. · Cisco Marketplace provides a variety of Cisco books, reference guides, documentation, and logo merchandise. Visit Cisco Marketplace, the company store, at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/ · Cisco Press publishes a wide range of general networking, training and certification titles. Both new and experienced users will benefit from these publications. For current Cisco Press titles and other information, go to Cisco Press at this URL: http://www.ciscopress.com · Packet magazine is the Cisco Systems technical user magazine for maximizing Internet and networking investments. Each quarter, Packet delivers coverage of the latest industry trends, technology breakthroughs, and Cisco products and solutions, as well as network deployment and troubleshooting tips, configuration examples, customer case studies, certification and training information, and links to scores of in-depth online resources. You can access Packet magazine at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/packet · Internet Protocol Journal is a quarterly journal published by Cisco Systems for engineering professionals involved in designing, developing, and operating public and private internets and intranets. You can access the Internet Protocol Journal at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/ipj · Networking products offered by Cisco Systems, as well as customer support services, can be obtained at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/index.html · Networking Professionals Connection is an interactive website for networking professionals to share questions, suggestions, and information about networking products and technologies with Cisco experts and other networking professionals. Join a discussion at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/discuss/networking · World-class networking training is available from Cisco. You can view current offerings at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/index.html © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 32 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice. Definition List AES ­ Advanced Encryption Standard ASR ­ Aggregation Services Routers CMVP ­ Cryptographic Module Validation Program CSEC ­ Communications Security Establishment Canada CSP ­ Critical Security Parameter FIPS ­ Federal Information Processing Standard HMAC ­ Hash Message Authentication Code HTTP ­ Hyper Text Transfer Protocol KAT ­ Known Answer Test LED ­ Light Emitting Diode MAC ­ Message Authentication Code NIST ­ National Institute of Standards and Technology NVRAM ­ Non-Volatile Random Access Memory RAM ­ Random Access Memory RNG ­ Random Number Generator RSA ­ Rivest Shamir and Adleman method for asymmetric encryption SHA ­ Secure Hash Algorithm TDES ­ Triple Data Encryption Standard © Copyright 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. 33 This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice.